Runor
L
A
D
D
A
R
§A {A ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQR} §B {STVXYZ AMOR VINI OOM} §C {CD…AB} §D a ' f…
§A {… <abcdefghiklmnopqr>} §B {<stvyz> Amor vincit(?) omnia(?)} §C {…} §D … …
”§A … abcdefghiklmnopqr §B <stvyz> Love conquers all §C … §D …”
hika ihkiporh (þ)
Helga(?), Ingibjǫrg …
”Helga,/Holy(?) Ingibjǫrg …”
askautr
Ásgautr
”Ásgautr”
alf^a e^t …
Alpha et [Omega].
”Alpha and Omega.”
aue maria gracia btena dominus lecum benedicla lu in mutie
Ave Maria gratia plena. Dominus tecum, benedicta tu in mulie[ribus].
”Hail Mary, full of grace. The Lord is with Thee: blessed art Thou among women.”
kuþ
Guð
”God”
(t)r(o)ten min ty mer til þes at ek fa bet^ra
Dróttinn minn, tý mér til þess at ek fá betra.
”My Lord, assist me so that it gets better for me.”
mai/ma(n)
…
”…”
mai --
… …
”…”
nikol(a)^uc ⁓ -------- ⁓ (p)rec(b)iter ⁓ in : lerþal +
Nikolaus … presbyter in Lerdal.
”Nikolaus … Minister in Leradalr.”
nieu kri
… …
”…”
sa^nkte : nikula^us : kirkia
Sancti Nikulás kirkja.
”Saint Nikulás' church.”
i : my/m<n>
… …
”…”
h…esk : dy…
… …
”…”
…er er ioron : ia^rþaþ
[H]ér er Jórunn jǫrðuð.
”Jórunn is interred here.”
--(u)(k)-(ø)mr · huh-r · se(n)(d)ir · uin sinum astsaml(e)ha kuæþiu
… … sendir vin sínum ástsamlega kveðju.
”… sends his friend a loving greeting.”
(h)a^(l)(d)i (⁓) hin ⁓ hæ^lhi ⁓ d^roten ⁓ ho^n(d) ⁓ yuir (⁓) brynio^lfs ⁓ on⁓d ⁓ þ^at ⁓ se (⁓) satt
Haldi hinn helgi dróttinn hǫnd yfir Brynjulfs ǫndu. Þat sé sat.
”May the holy Lord hold (His) hand over Brynjulfr's spirit. May it be true.”
[ha^ld](i) (⁓) (h)(i)(n) (⁓) hæ^lhi ⁓ d(r)oti(n) ⁓ h
Haldi hinn helga dróttinn h[ǫnd]
”may the holy Lord hold (His) hand”
hin
hinn
”the”
mag hin hilg
Mag[nús] hinn helgi.
”Magnús the Holy.”
lofaþum
lofuðum
”praised”
blæcaþer s
blezaðr s[á](?)
”blessed he (who)”
b^eine
Beini
”Beini”
maria
María
”Mary”
-----(r)--(k)--ir
…
”…”
r(o)a^r ru(e)
Hróarr …
”Hróarr …”
× a^rnfiþr ræist mik
Arnfinnr reist mik.
”Arnfinnr carved me.”
ga^ut^e
Gauti
”Gauti”
k b s
… … …
”…”
blæs
blez[aðr](?)
”blessed(?)”
+ askrimr +
Ásgrímr
”Ásgrímr”
or------------
…
”…”
§A ion §B ion
§A Jón §B Jón
”§A Jón §B Jón”
a^rne prestr ui(l) hafa ig<u>
Árni prestr vill hafa Ingu.
”Árni the priest wants to have Inga.”
§A (a)(s) -(b)(m)-(y) : (h)(m)(k) : (m) §B {ABCDE(F)GHLIKMOPQ (H)}
§A <[hni]as [t]bm[l]y> … … §B {<abcdefghlikmopq> …}
”§A <hnias tbmly> … §B abcdefghlikmopq …”
t mir
… mér(?)
”… me(?)”
-r-uþ-
…
”…”
io^n
Jón
”Jón”
ornesi
Órnesi
”Órnes”
a^ue
ave
”Hail”
§A lige^r i : pa^le^ ^lifir hæimsleha hin^n er bæþ undir ser beleitir sdundum §B þa^r munu matka^r ma^rher ga^uga sem a duni søfe^r dote^r at^l^la
§A Liggr í palli, lifir heimskliga hinn er beð undir sér bleytir stundum. §B Þar munu maðkar margir gaufa, sem á dúni søfr dóttir Atla.
”§A (He) lies on the bench, lives foolishly; he who beds underneath him is sometimes soaked. §B There will many maggots swarm, as Atli's daughter sleeps on down.”
§A gut^rit ⁓ in nomine ⁓ pat^ris ⁓ et fili ⁓ et §B spiri¶¶tu ⁓ santo ⁓ amen ⁓ tominus iesus crit^us ame
§A Guðríðr. In nomine patris et filii et §B spiritus sancti. Amen. Dominus Jesus Christus. Amen.
”§A Guðríðr. In the name of the Father and of the Son and §B of the holy Spirit, Amen. Lord Jesus Christ. Amen.”
guþ hia^be þer trautto
Guð hjalpi þér …
”May God help you …”
+ hafe maria krasia blena tomius stekum benatit|a| |t|aus in mulieribus æþ be
Ave Maria gratia plena. Dominus tecum benedicta tu in mulieribus, et be[nedictus].
”Hail Mary, full of grace. The Lord is with Thee: blessed art Thou among women and blessed is.”
§A emanuel sabaoþ aþo¶nai usion agios oþan¶naþos ælæison ¶ alfa æþ o §B messias soþer §C filæhs artifæhas ¶ deus iesus saluat¶or agios oþonna¶þos ælæison aæl ¶ (g)aagelai ag(e^)la
§A Emanuel Sabaoth Adonai … agios athanatos eleison Alfa et O[mega] §B Messias Soter §C Filex artifex Deus Jesus salvator agios athanatos eleison … … agla.
”§A Emanuel, Sabaoth, Adonai (Lord)(from the five names of God in Messias, Soter, Emanuel, Sabaoth, Adonai) … Holy, Immortal, Have mercy, Alfa and Omega. §B Messias, Soter §C fortunate, maker, lord Jesus the saviour. Holy, Immortal, Have mercy … agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord).”
§A + bono bena fin bona bena §B bæiofæ
§A bona benigna … bona benigna §B …
”§A good, favourable … good, favourable §B …”
þettas {K}ir{K}ia^n a {K}irkiuuelle
Þetta's {k}ir{k}jan á {K}irkjuvelli.
”This is the church of Kirkjuvǫllr.”
þo^rir · ræist · runa^r · þessa^r · þan · olaus·mess·o^æpþa^n ¶ …r han · fo^r · he^r um ¶ ⁓ bæþe^ ^ge^rþo^ ^no^(r)ne^r · uæl · o^k · il^la · mikla · møþe ¶ g skapaþu · þær mer
Þórir reist rúnar þessar þann Ólausmessaptan, [e]r han fór hér um. Bæði gerðu nornir vel ok illa, mikla mœði … skǫpuðu þær mér.
”Þórir carved these runes on the eve of Olaus-mass, when he travelled past here. The norns did both good and evil, great toil … they created for me.”
raþ ret þu runar ¶ uh blint (e)s lo at
Ráð rétt þú rúnar. … blint er …/uglu(?) át(?).
”Interpret the runes rightly! … Blind is(?) … the owl's(?) nourishment(?) (ie obscure are the words of the owl).”
<hor-->
hór…(?)
”adultery-(?)…”
<hor> --
hórr(?) …
”whore …”
pati
pati
”gossip”
{K} æ ' b {K}
{K}[yrie](?) e[leison](?) B[enedictus](?) {q}[ui](?)
”Lord have mercy, blessed is he who(?)”
kirkia^n a^ ^kirkiuuelli a mik
Kirkjan á Kirkjuvelli á mik.
”The church of Kirkjuvǫllr owns me.”
kuþ styþi huæn er mik styþer til utfærþar
Guð styði hvern er mik styðr til útferðar.
”May God support whosoever supports my expedition.”
r<a>n t^r<yll>
Ragn[ar](?) Dryllr.
”Ragnarr(?) the Stout.”
kn(u)(a)(s)
…
”…”
m(a)tig biorn siriþ
Máttig/málig Bjǫrn [ok] Sigríðr.
”Mighty/Talkative Bjǫrn and Sigríðr”
trnralaba^la^lisa^rnþa^la^ln
…
”…”
tistil mistil ok <h>n þiriþi þistil
Tistill, mistill ok, hinn þriði, þistill.
”'tistill', mistletoe and - the third - thistle.”
tistilsmiso<h>nþrl(e)--
…
”…”
tilsbnr
…
”…”
klemetr · ræist ru(^n)ar þesar sunutah þan er nestr e^r æpt(e)r iol guþ gæte (h)ans o^k in hælka m(æ)r
Klemetr reist rúnar þessar sunnudag þann, er næstr er eptir jól. Guð gæti hans ok hinn helga mær.
”Klemetr ræist these runes on the Sunday which is next after Christmas. May God and the holy maiden protect his.”
-(u)(þ) fani sal þira bæikia
[G]uð fagni sál þeira beggja.
”May God welcome both of their souls.”
------------/…
…
”…”
m^a^ria
María
”Mary”
mnri
María
”Mary”
n : iþ : rh : i
… … … …
”…”
ka^nuli
Knúti
”Knútr's”
kirkia ⁓ sa^nkus ⁓ kalikr
Kirkja. Sanctus. Kalikr.
”Church. Sanctus-bell. Chalice.”
fuþorkh
<fuþorkh[nias]>
”<fuþorkhnias>”
hi banaþo …
Hin bǫnnuðu …
”the forbidden/accursed …”
besse
Bessi
”Bessi”
a^u^e m^a
Ave Ma[ria]
”Hail Mary”
þe^nna (:) sta^(f) : (g)a^f : siþhriþ : a hu… …irir so^lo a^r^ndo^rs o^k se^r til misku^na^r
Þenna staf gaf Sigríðr á Hv[áli f]yrir sálu Arnþórs ok sér til miskunnar.
”Sigríðr of Hváll gave this staff for mercy towards the souls of Arnþórr and herself.”
asuin
…
”…”
olafr kunukr skaut mili stæina þe(s)a
Ólafr konungr skaut milli steina þessa.
”King Ólafr konungr shot between these stones.”
ionsmæsodahr er nu
Jónsmessudagr er nú.
”Now is the day of Jón's-mass.”
ek t^rui a guþ
Ek trúi á Guð.
”I believe in God.”
petronile
Petronilla
”Petronilla”
[+ koþ trotin hialli ia(l)o + k(æ)tila +]
Guð dróttinn hjalpi sálu Ketils.
”May Lord God help Ketill's soul.”
[+ hær huilir : unþir : a^rn¶finþr ⁓ iaua^r(t)c:son]
Hér hvílir undir Arnfinnr Jatvarðssonr/Hávarðssonr.
”Hereunder rests Arnfinnr Jatvarðr's son/Hávarðr's son.”
loka^r fa^l loka^r sin i loka^rspo^nom
Lokarr fal lokar sinn í lokarspónum.
”Lokarr ('plane') concealed his plane in the plane-shavings.”
nu · er · ba^lm·sunua^fta^n ¶ troten· hia^be · þæim| |manni · ¶ er · þesa^r · runa^r · ræist · sua þæim · ¶ er · þær · ræþr +
Nú er palmsunnuaptann. Dróttinn hjalpi þeim manni, er þessar rúnar reist, svá þeim, er þær ræðr.
”(It) is now the eve of Palm Sunday. May the Lord help the man who carved these runes; likewise he who interprets them.”
fuþorkhains
<fuþorkhnias>
”<fuþorkhnias>”
a^ue ma
Ave Ma[ria]
”Hail Mary”
kuþ min ok hi ælak ma^ria
Guð minn ok hin helga María.
”My God and the holy Mary.”
kirkiu
kirkju
”church”
su^nr
sonr/suðr
”son/south”
glo^ri-
glori[a]
”Glory”
hælh(e)
Helgi
”Helgi”
sol(i) si-
soli(?) si[t](?)
”alone be(?)”
au- --r--…
Av[e](?) [Ma]r[ia](?)
”Hail Mary(?)”
styllaug
Styrlaugr
”Styrlaugr”
sa^n^ta^ ^mic
Sankt Mik[jáll]
”Saint Michael”
… m(a^)rtiri(b)us : l^eti(m)ini · e{X}ult^ent · iusti · mirabilis (a)…
… martiribus, letamini e{x}ultent justi mirabilis …
”… You rejoice with the martyrs! The righteous exult with wonders …”
§A a ⁓ ra^n §B mac
§A … … §B …
”§A … §B …”
synri
syðri(?)
”southerly(?)”
r^ ^r ra^r
R[áð] r[étt] r[ún]ar.
”Interpret the runes rightly!”
(m)-(t)---(i)(k)/(h)-(d)---(i)(k)
…
”…”
fu
<fu[þork]>
”<fuþork>”
guþ hia^lpe þæim er mik ræist in þat ua haukr
Guð hjalpi þeim, er mik reist, en þat var Haukr.
”May God help he who carved me and that was Haukr.”
ma^ria
María
”Mary”
§A [+ krur : biria:suar : risti : stin : þina| |at : nu-… …] §B [katils:sunar : is : nir : uas : naukuin : is : itin : sia : stinr +]
§A Grímr Bersasonr reisti stein þenna at Þó[r]… … §B Ketilssonar er hér var hǫggvin er steinn sá stendr.
”§A Grímr Bersi's son raised this stone in memory of Þór-… … §B Ketill's son, who was cut down here where this stone stands.”
⁓ --n ⁓ (s)(s)(r) (a)(a)^(r)(b)
… … …
”…”
…(r) rist
… reist
”… carved”
eirikr
Eiríkr
”Eiríkr”
+ þur… lit raisa krus þina aft-- -----
Þór[ðr] lét reisa kross þenna ept[ir] …
”Þórðr had this cross raised in memory of …”
…r · uaskor · s(o)nr · þores · a …
… vaskr(?), sonr Þóris á …
”… the intrepid, son of Þórir of …”
kristr : hialb : os : uæl
Kristr, hjalp oss vel.
”Christ, help us well.”
þo^rþr
Þórðr
”Þórðr”
atres
Andrés
”Andrés”
her : lago þeir men er komo af ¶ risalade meþ lo^þnu skipi af (g)ulli ¶ o^k þet er i þesum steini
Hér lágu þeir menn, er kómu af Risalandi með hlǫðnu skipi af gulli. Ok þat er í þessum steini.
”Here lie the men who came from Risaland with ships laden with gold. And that is in this stone.”
… …-þe runa^r þæ-…
… [bar]ði(?) rúnar þe[ssar]
”… struck(?) these runes”
ai(k)--… · -(o)^rtir ⁓ ra(-)--
… … …
”…”
ræist : ramr : iotun · ru^n(a)^r
Reist rammr jǫtunn rúnar.
”The strong giant carved the runes.”
okhænta-
…
”…”
ømotr (:) ræst · þæir (:) --þo : sa--
Ǫgmundr reist. Þeir [li]ðu(?) …
”Ǫgmundr carved. They passed(?) …”
sa ma^þr : resti : runar : þæsar : er uas : utanb…
Sá maðr risti rúnar þessar, er var útan…
”That man carved these runes who was outside/without …”
kliþie æi a : mi(k) : gose
Gleðizk ei, á mik Gási.
”Ever rejoice: Gási owns me.”
h(e)(r) (e)r gull o^k uilur un(d)ir
Hér er gull ok villur undir.
”Hereunder are gold and enchantment.”
þair luþin auk þ(u)…
Þeir Loðinn ok Þo[r]…
”Loðinn and Þor-…”
(e)(m)(h)r…
…
”…”
§A ⁓⁓⁓⁓⁓⁓⁓⁓⁓⁓ §B (u)(i)olkp(u)sisteiust(y)isis §C -rku^(u)s nukaus mælkus §D t¶¶itragramalon amui(n)
§A … §B … §C Marcus, Lucas, Matthæus(?). §D Tetragrammaton. Amen
”§A … §B … §C Mark, Luke, Matthew(?). §D Tetragrammaton. Amen.”
fuþorkhn(i)(l)(t)(m)(y)
<fuþorkhniltmy>
”<fuþorkhniltmy>”
§A domine kon?e?(u)md-- - §B pa?t
§A Domine … … §B …
”§A Lord … §B …”
§A onp{N}(þ) §B akla ⁓ a ⁓ ak(l)-
§A … §B Agla … Agl[a]
”§A … §B Agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) … agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord)”
munaman-k(þ)(a)-(s)(u)(r)--(y)--(u)r---auhr(f)(o)(t)
…
”…”
kuþ gæ
Guð gæ[ti].
”May God protect.”
guþ g
Guð g[æti].
”May God protect.”
gud gæte
Guð gæti.
”May God protect.”
ur(þ) · · b(u)ra^p
… …
”…”
knucmæsodahr --------
Knútsmessudagr …
”Knútrs-mass-day …”
sih^urþr ⁓ reist^ ^r^una^r þessa^r
Sigurðr reist rúnar þessar.
”Sigurðr carved these runes.”
nikolas
Nikulás.
”Nikulás.”
æias(b)ii
…
”…”
þo^rs-æino-su(h)--(r)i-a--rþaþrs--aþæirhæilirbaþ(i)simþatr(s)(i)t
…
”…”
§A … --kop kredo -- hel(y) --- §B -t^ren^n soter ag-- §C - æi(a) deus- §D agla lond^u §E agla ala-
§A … [Ja]cob(?), Credo … Hely … §B … Soter, Ag[ios] §C … Eia. Deus §D Agla <londu>, §E Agla, Agla.
”§A … Jacob(?), Credo … Hely … §B … Soter, Agios §C … Eia. Deus §D Agla <londu>, §E Agla, Agla. ('agla'= Thou art strong in eternity, Lord).”
§B + a·g·la · pater §A n¶¶oster · ki es in ¶ celis sanctificet^u^r §B nomen t^uum · aduenia¶¶tþ §A regnum t^u¶um (f)-(þ) §B uoluntas t^u ¶ -(k)ut^þ in clo æþ §A … -(r)ra · siþ supe¶r nos · ab omn¶¶ni §B ma^lo am¶¶men §A (a)^(l)(f)a · aiþonai ·+ §B a¶¶bracalara · + abraca · + a^braca · + a^bra · §A pah · no¶bis · (a)(b) om¶¶ni §B malo am¶men
§B Agla. Pater §A noster, qui es in cœlis. Sanctificetur §B nomen tuum. Adveniat §A regnum tuum. F[ia]t §B voluntas tua [si]cut in cœlo, et §A [in te]rra. Sit super nos! Ab omni §B malo, amen. §A Alpha(?), Adonai. §B Abracalara, abraca, abraca, abra. §A Pax nobis! Ab omni §B malo, amen.
”Agla (= Thou art strong in eternity, Lord). Our Father who art in Heaven, Hallowed be thy Name. Let Thy Kingdom come. Let Thy Will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. This (the cross) be over us. From all evil, amen. Alpha(?), Lord. Abracalara, abraca, abraca, abra. Peace for us! From all evil, amen.”
asla^kr(·)s (·) þil (·) riti : ok: þokel suærþ
Áslakr's þil riti, ok Þorkell sverð.
”Áslakr, who wrote (on) this plank and Þorkell (on the) sword.”
ion ⁓ ihu
Jón <ihu>
”Jón <ihu>”
(þ)m-þih-
…
”…”
an(m)(l)
…
”…”
an (k)(u)
ann(?) Guð(?)
”love(s)(?) God(?)”
+ stain × i-
Stein …
”Steinn …”
…r : a : mot …
[Gunna]rr á mót [þessa]
”Gunnarr owns [this] stamp.”
…(r) þessom : …
… þessum …
”… these …”
n-l-
…
”…”
aluko
Aluko
”Aluko”
ea
…
”…”
ek aljamark(i)z ¶ baij-z
Ek aljamarkiz/Aljamarkiz. Baij[o]z(?).
”I, the foreigner/Aljamarkiz. Warriors(?).”
ek þirbij(a)z r(u)… …
Ek Þirbijaz ru[no]/ru[noz] …
”I, Þirbijaz the rune(s) …”
…-iz haiwidaz þar
… hlaiwidaz þar.
”… buried here.”
widugastiz
Widugastiz
”Widugastiz”
§A (m)in wᴀrb nᴀseu wilʀ mᴀde þᴀim kᴀibᴀ i bormoþᴀ huni huwᴀʀ ob kam hᴀr(i)(e) a hi(t) lat gotnᴀ fiskʀ oʀ (f)(i)(r)(n)ᴀuim su(w)(i)made fok(i) af -a----gᴀ land(e) §B ᴀ-- is (u)(r)(k)(i) §C ni s solu sot ukni sᴀkse stᴀin skorin ni ---- maʀ nᴀkdan is n(ᴀ) wrinʀ ni wiltiʀ manʀ l(a)gi-
§A Mín varp násjó wild, máðe þeim keipa í bormóþa húni. Hverr of kom her á hitt land? Gotna fiskr ór firney-ím, swimande foki af [f]á[nvan]ga lande. §B a[uð] is yrki! §C Ne's sólu sótt, ok ne sakse, stein skorinn. Ni [witi] manʀ, nǫkðan is na wrinʀ, ni wiltiʀ mænnʀ lægi[s]!
”§A The corpse-wave threw itself over my beloved ones, the tholes broke for them in the drill-tired mast-top. Who brought the host over to the other country? The man-fish from the current at Firney swam in the spray from the land with the shining fields, §B he who wrought riches and happiness! §C Not in the sun, and not with sword, may one come to the chiselled stone; not may the man who cries over a naked corpse, (nor) not mentally disturbed men, come to (this) site.”