Runor
L
A
D
D
A
R
§A karþi þiauþui(r) §B aft aþisl (u)(m)a(r)utrkau
§A Gerði Þjóðvér/Þjóðvé §B ept Aðísl …
§A Gærþi Þiuþwær/Þiuþwi §B æft Aþisl …
”§A Þjóðvérr(?)/Þjóðvé made §B in memory of Aðísl …”
io^r(d)an risti runu ra^þi þæn ær kan
Iordan risti runu, raþi þæn ær kan.
Jórdan risti rúnu, ráði þann er kann.
”Jórdan carved runes: interpret (them), he who can.”
kʀyrþ : risti : nafn : sit ¶ ø --^nyr-(-) : mæsu
Giurþ risti nafn sit o … mæssu.
Gyrðr risti nafn sitt á … messu.
”Gyrðr carvedhis name on … mass.”
+ {BONDO FRISO ME FECIT ¶ ESGERVS RØTH ME FECIT : FIERI} ¶ fuþorkhniastblmʀ ???
{Bondo Friso me fecit Esgervs Røth me fecit. Fieri} <fuþorkhniastblmʀ> …
”{Bondo (the) Frisian made me, Esgervs Red had me made.} <fuþorkhniastblmʀ> …”
þes…
…
”…”
…ra(t)(i) : -… ¶ …- : at : ma(i)… ¶ …(u) : nafa : … ¶ …k : þika …
… … … at … … Nefa … … … …
… … … at … … Næfa … … … …
”… in memory of … the Fist …”
[… -k · --n · sun · suta : ---… ¶ … aft : þurþ : bruþur …]
… … … sonr Sóta … … ept Þórð, bróður …
… … … sun Sota … … æft Þorþ, broþur …
”… Sóti's son … in memory of Þórðr, brother …”
§A askl : sati : st… ¶ …asi : at : tufa : ¶ -(r)(u)þr : s(i)(n) : h--… §B ⁓ in ⁓ kru…
§A Áskell setti st[ein] [þ]enna at Tófa [b]róður sinn … §B en <kru…>
§A Æskel satti st[en] [þ]æssi at Tofa [b]roþur sin … §B æn <kru…>
”§A Áskell placed this stone in memory of Tófi, his brother … §B and <kru…>”
§A sylfa : rest… … …i : sbalklusu : eyfti : susur : faþur … …(r)þi : bru : þisi : iki : ¶ þurils : brþur : sin : §B i mun · san… ¶ …if · uitrik · susi · eʀ · uan · sil…
§A Sylfa reist[i] … … Spalkleysu eptir Sǫssur, fǫður [ok] [ge]rði brú þessa eptir Þorgísl, bróður sinn. §B Æ mun … … vitring þessi, er vann Syl[fa]/sjal[fr].
§A Sylfa rest[i] … … Spalkløsu æftiʀ Susur, faþur [ok] [gæ]rþi bro þæssi æftiʀ Þorgisl, broþur sin. §B E mun … … witring susi, æʀ wan Syl[fa]/sial[fʀ].
”§A Sylfa raised … Spalkløsa in memory of Sǫssurr, (his) father [and] made this bridge in memory of Þorgisl, his brother. §B Ever will … this memento, which Sylfa/himself produced.”
§A raknhiltr ' sustiʀ ' ulfs ' sati ' stain ¶ þnnsi ' auk ' karþi ' hauk ' þonsi auft ¶ auk skaiþ ' þaisi ¶ kunulf ' uar sin ' klomulan man ¶ (s)un ' nairbis ' faiʀ ' uarþa ' nu futiʀ ' þoi batri §B sa uarþi ' at (') rita ' is ailti stain þonsi §C iþa hiþan traki
§A Ragnhildr, systir Ulfs, setti stein þenna ok gerði haug þenna ept, ok skeið þessa, Gunnulf, ver sinn, glǫmulan mann, son Nerfis. Fáir verða nú fœddir þeim betri. §B Sá verði at ræta(?) er elti(?) stein þenna §C eða heðan dragi.
§A Ragnhildr, systiʀ Ulfs, satti sten þænsi ok gærþi høg þænsi æft, ok skeþ þæssi, Gunulf, wær sin, glamulan man, sun Nærfis. Faiʀ wærþa nu føddiʀ þem bætri. §B Sa wærþi at ræta(?) æs ælti(?) sten þænsi §C æþa hæþan dragi.
”§A Ragnhildr, Ulfr's sister, placed this stone and made this mound, and this ship(-setting), in memory of her husband Gunnulfr, a clamorous man, Nerfir's son. Few will now be born better than him. §B A warlock(?) be he who damages(?) this stone §C or drags it (away) from here.”
(t)irað : r(i)st
Tiraþ rest.
Tíráðr reist.
”Tíráðr carved.”
hariso
Hariso.
”Hariso.”
ulnoþ
Ulnoþ.
Ulfnoð.
”Ulfnoð.”
[+: frater : (t)oco : æfsa : kør(i) : mik : ¶ fratr : inkæma(-)(-)s : srips in : campana :]
Frater Toco <æfsa> gøri mik, frater Ingæma[ru]s scripsit in campana.
Frater Toco <æfsa> gerði mik, frater Ingema[ru]s scripsit in campana.
”Brother Toco <æfsa> made me, brother Ingemarus wrote on the bell.”
(k)(u)þ … fori:si ¶ -brit : sial (·) ha^n (:) ga^rþi st(i)(n)(a) ¶ … (k)iþuin : bu(r)- :
Guþ … forise …bræts sial, han gærþi stena … Eþwin(?) bro(?).
Guð … fyrisé …brets sál, hann gerði steina … Eðvin(?) brú(?).
”God … take care of …-bret's soul, he made the stones … Eðvin(?) bridge(?).”
kltiiæ(n)tn ¶ -…(m)
… …
”…”
eskil : sati : sina : þesi : eftiʀ : ystin : auk · fliʀ · bruþur · sin : sun : ystis : aþal:miki
Áskell setti steina þessa eptir Eystein ok Flír, bróður sinn, son Eysteins, Aðalmerki/Aðalmæki.
Æskel satti stena þæssi æftiʀ Østen ok Fliʀ, broþur sin, sun Østens, Aþalmærki/Aþalmæki.
”Áskell placed these stones in memory of Eysteinn and (in memory of) Flir Chiff-banner(-bearer) / Good-sword, his (Áskell's) brother, Eysteinn's son.”
+: sasur : risþi : stin : an : karþi : bru :
Sassurr reisti stein en gerði brú.
Sazur resþi sten æn gærþi bro.
”Sassurr raised the stone and made the bridge.”
§A þiauþui ⁓ risþi ⁓ stin þonsi ⁓ aft uþinkaur ⁓ ¶ fuþorkhniastbmlʀ ⁓ niut ual kums : §B þmkiiissstttiiilll (:) iak sata ru--r| |ri(t) ¶ kuni armutʀ kru(b)------
§A Þjóðvé reisti stein þenna ept Óðinkár <fuþorkhniastbmlʀ> njót vel kumls! §B þistill/mistill/kistill, ek setta rú[na]r rétt. Gunni, Arnmundr …
§A Þiuþwi resþi sten þænsi æft Oþinkor <fuþorkhniastbmlʀ> niut wæl kumbls! §B þistill/mistill/kistill, iak satta ru[na]ʀ ret. Gunni, Armundr …
”§A Þjóðvé raised this stone in memory of Oðinkárr <fuþorkhniastbmlʀ> Make good use of the monument! §B Thistle, mistletoe, casket; I placed the runes rightly. Gunni, Arnmundr …”
toki · rist (·) a--uk (·) pa · ulsmisu · tah
Toki rest … pa olsmissu dag.
Tóki reist … uppá Ólafsmessu dag.
”Tóki carved … upon Ólafr's mass-day.”
toki ' to^k ' silf : at lani · af · ræhnldu ¶ + …
Toki tok silf at lani af Rægnildu …
Tóki tók silfr at láni af Ragnhildu …
”Tóki took silver in loan from Ragnhildr …”
ata(r)(a)
…
”…”
[a^ræhgs]
…
”…”
iuuuuhhhihht
…
”…”
fuþ…
<fuþ[ork]>
”<fuþork>”
§A siuærþ (u)^(u)^(u) (u)^(u)^(u)^bfk^ʀkt^(u)æ §B lufrþ-nt ' (s)-rrr ×
§A Siwærþ … … §B … …
§A Sigvarðr … … §B … …
”§A Sigvarðr … §B …”
§A uþuþuþuþuþuþuþuuþuþuþu(u) §B uþuþuþþuþuþuþuþuþuþuþu §C uþuþu(-)(u)þuþuþuþuþ¶uþuþuþuþu §D (þ)uþuþuþuþ(þ)(u)(þ)u-(-)-uþuþuþu
§A … §B … §C … §D …
”§A … §B … §C … §D …”
kun'uᴀlts| |stᴀin ' sunaʀ ' ruʜalts ' þulaʀ ' o salʜauku(m)
Gunnvalds steinn, sonar Hróalds, þular á Salhaugum.
Gunwalds sten, sonaʀ Roalds, þulaʀ a Salhøgum.
”Gunnvaldr's stone, Hróaldr's son, reciter of Salhaugar.”
[…-k ' rᴀuna ¶ …ᴀuna]
… … …
”…”
ʜurnburᴀ ¶ stᴀin · suiþks :
Hornbora steinn Sviðings.
Hornbora sten Swiþings.
”Hornbori's stone, of Sviði's line.”
al(-)naet : ri
<al-naet> re[st](?)
<al-naet> rei[st](?)
”<al-naet> carved(?)”
liþ(r)s/liþ(r)(a)^(k) ¶ funþ ¶ ʀ
… … …
”…”
' oslaikiʀ ' raisti stain ' ¶ ' ikisafaisino(þ) ¶ ' in ' ukunitʀsk(þ)lasa--…i ' i(þ)kafthon(s)rnr-(i)si
Ásleikr reisti stein … … … …
Aslek resti sten … … … …
”Ásleikr raised the stone …”
a^u^æ ma^ria
Ave Maria.
”Hail Mary”
þæn : fyrst^æ
Þæn fyrstæ.
Þann fyrsti.
”The first.”
§A æ-ʀmhohtlanæ ¶ moutþf(h)laro-(-) §B ki-fia(ʀ)mʀlah ¶ laouþʀmohsi(f)
§A … … §B … …
”§A … §B …”
§A andres -ba:abaka(l)aba ¶ (a)bakala-rrariu(s) §B liber(a) -(a)fa + al(f)a + ¶ andres o +
§A Andres abracadabra(?) abracadabra(?) §B libera … alfa Andres o[mega].
”§A Andres abracadabra(?) abracadabra(?) §B liberate … alpha Andres omega.”
ubbi ⁓ urþ(a)-
Ubbi …
”Ubbi …”
a- maria
A[ve] Maria
”Hail Mary”
…-a^r(i)b(a)---
…
”…”
§A iuan ma-… ¶ maþeus … §B h(s)- ¶ …kisnm(k) ¶ … aga ga^la
§A Johannes Ma[rcus](?) Mattæus … §B … … … agla gala
§A Johannes Ma[rcus](?) Matthæus … §B … … … agla gala
”§A John Mark(?) Matthew … §B … agla gala ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord)”
§A …(m)(k)(i)t^n(f) : (t)g--on(-)o--(-)-(m)h- ¶ …o : pat^r(i)^s ----… ¶ ---(r)-gramato^n : krist--- … §B … ¶ … ¶ …
§A … … … patris … [tet]r[a]grammaton: Christ[us](?) … §B … … …
”§A … Father … Tetragrammaton: Christ(?) … §B …”
§A + --(-)---nes markus (l)ukas + §B + -t(a)(s)(n)sius : gr^amaton
§A [Johan]nes Marcus Lucas §B Dionysius(?) [tetra]grammaton.
”§A John, Mark, Luke. §B Dionysius(?) Tetragrammaton.”
§A a^yf^r? §B ????
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
sbyta
spýta
spyta
”stick/pin”
§A × agla ' (l)(a)ga gala þru(h) (k)ruks luk-s -ruks markus -…-s iohni(i)s -… …--(s) (þ)(r)(u)- §B × artan : ga-(n)(i)-n(k) a^rta(n) krstu(-) kristu ræhnaþ (') -r(i)s(t)(u)s imp(e)r(a)þ kristus (a)^þ(r)(l)hun(n)u pænit(i)(n)
§A agla laga gala. <þruh> crux Luc[a]s [c]rux Marcus [crux](?) Johannes [crux](?) [Matthæu]s(?) <þru-> §B <artan> … <artan> Christu[s] Christus regnat [Ch]ristus imperat Christus … benedi[cat](?).
”§A agla laga gala. <þruh> crux Lucas crux Marcus crux(?) Johannes [crux](?) Matthæus(?) <þru-> §B <artan> … <artan> Christus Christus regnat Christus imperat Christus … benedicat(?).”
saksi : risti : runar : þis-r (s)--rku:matr
Saxi risti rúnar þess[a]r <s--rku>maðr
Saxi risti runaʀ þess[a]ʀ <s--rku>mannr
”Saxi carved these runes, the <s--rku>man”
§A (k)ruks kristi kruks (·) (-)…(-)(i)(s) §B u(s) kruks (·) iohan(u)s k(r)(u)(k)s §C k(r)-(k)s luk(u)s kr(u)ks (m)a-- §D (f)u(f)(i)us kristina
§A Crux Christi crux … §B … crux Johannes crux. §C Cr[u]x Lucas crux <ma…> §D <fufius>. Christina.
§A Crux Christi crux … §B … crux Johannes crux. §C Cr[u]x Lucas crux <ma…> §D <fufius>. Kristina.
”§A Crux Christi crux … §B … crux Johannes crux. §C Crux Lucas crux <ma…> §D <fufius>. Kristina.”
rist utr mi- f
Rest Oddr mi[k] …
Reist Oddr mi[k] …
”Oddr carved me …”
riþsi
risti(?)
”carved(?)”
fuþo
<fuþo[rk]>
”<fuþork>”
§A floribus ⁓ æ^þ lignis ⁓ kþo⁓dam ⁓ mirabile vas ⁓ fit^þ §B iosep
§A Floribus et lignis quoddam mirabile vas fit §B Josef.
§A Floribus et lignis quoddam mirabile vas fit §B Jósep.
”§A A wondrous vessel was prepared for flowers and branches / of flowers and wood §B Jósep.”
§A ·⁓⁓⁓⁓ --þþ(i)kr(r)(r)-hh- ⁓⁓⁓ §B ----…-----
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
§A … ¶ … ¶ … ¶ … §B …
§A … … … … §B …
”§A … §B …”
§A …-æsusiæn-… ¶ …-(i)smut(u)-(b)-… ¶ …utu-(þ)mutusy-… ¶ …ftuukiþukni(u)… ¶ …--kurui---… §B …kunkr-… ¶ …-(h)mæ(i)usm(æ)--… ¶ …(u)s · luki-aiuh… ¶ …nis · untun(þ) · (s)-… ¶ …--t(u)us--…
§A … … … … … §B … … … … … … … …
”§A … §B …”
--- ¶ akla + kala + laka + ¶ --o-imi(k)(l)(i)(i)
… agla gala laga …
”… agla gala laga ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) …”
”… agla gala laga …”
+ co^niuro^ ^uos : s^æpt^(æ)(m) : so^ro^ræs (a)(t)--(a)r-------(s) : ræ(s)… ¶ (æ)^(l)ffrica : a^ffric^(e)a so^ria a^ffoca : a^ffricala : co^niuro uos æ^t co^n:t^æsto^r : pær patræm : ¶ æ^t filium æ^t spirit^um (:) sanct^um (:) (u)(t) n(o)^n ⁓ nocæatis ⁓ stam famulum : dæi : næquæ ¶ (i)n : hoculis : næquæ in mæmpris : næquæ in mædullis :: næc in ullo comp¶(-)(-)ine mæmbrorum æius : ut inhabit^æt : in te uirt^us cristi : al(t)iss(i)¶(m)(i) : eccæ crru(u)(c)(æ)m : (d)o^nmini (:) fukit(i) (:) pa^rt^(æ)s : (a)^duæ(r)s^æ : (u)i(c)(i)(t) (l)æ(o) : dæ t^r(i)b(u) (i)(u)¶da radi{X} : dauit : in nominæ pat^ris æt filii : æ^t spirit^us sa^nc^ti amæn ::(:) ¶ crist^us : uincit : crist^us : ræknit : crist^us : impæræt : crist^us : lipærat + ¶ crist^us t^æ bænædicat : a^b oomi : m^alo : (d)æfændat : a:k:l⁓a ⁓ bat^ær : nostær :+ -
Coniuro vos, septem sorores … … Elffrica(?) Affricca, Soria, Affoca, Affricala. Coniuro vos et contestor per patrem et filium et spiritum sanctum, ut non noceatis istam famulum Dei, neque in occulis neque in membris, neque in medullis, nec in ullo comp[ag]ine membrorum eius, ut inhabitat in te virtus Christi altissimi. Ecce crucem Domini, fugite partes adverse, vicit leo de tribu Juda, radi{x} David. In nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti, amen. Christus vincit Christus regnat Christus imperat, Christus liberat, Christus te/et benedicit, ab omni malo defendat. Agla. Pater noster. …
”I invoke you, seven sisters … Elffrica(?) Affricca, Soria, Affoca, Affricala. I invoke and call you to witness through the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, that you do not harm this servant of God, neither in the eyes nor in the limbs nor in the marrow nor in any joint of his limbs, that the power of Christ Most High shall reside in you. Behold the cross of the Lord; flee, you hostile powers. The lion of the tribe of Juda, the root of David, has conquered. In the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, Amen. Christ conquers, Christ reigns, Christ rules, Christ liberates, Christ blesses you, defends you from all evil. Agla (= Thou art strong in eternity, Lord). Our Father. …”
þprup/þ{K}ru{K}
…
”…”
[(u)æ^fm^yæ^(f)-(ø)-]
…
”…”
+ sasur : ris-… …
Sazur res[t]/res[þi] …
Sassurr reis[t]/reis[ti] …
”Sassurr carved/raised …”
…(u)þi(u)…uo(s)…(tna)
…
”…”
§A (æ)… §B ho-
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
lt (:) i…
… …
”…”
§A (ø)þæ(r)--…rþa(ø)u ¶ …k au^(æ) ma-… …-m + §B …khu…(t)þh- ¶ nk…u…(s)f(þ)(m)…
§A … … Ave Ma[ria] … §B … …
”§A … Ave Maria … §B …”
+++ ¶ msphs
…
”…”
sanf(i)s--(þ)k ¶ …nrþ(i)(s)þuþ-…
… …
”…”
…ænh(i)l(a)li-(i)s- ¶ (t)(-)(r)…-…-(þ)…(a)-…
… …
”…”
hagiradaz ⁓ tawide ⁓
Hagiradaz tawide.
”Hagiradaz made.”
alugod
Alugodo
”Alugodo”
alu god
Alu god.
”Alu god.”
(w)iduhudaz
Widuhundaz
”Widuhundaz”
… (w)iduhudaz
… Widuhundaz
”… Widuhundaz”
iiiþiiþiiiiiþiipiii
…
”…”
þurkutru × sati : stin ¶ þinsi : aftiʀ halftan ⁓ fauþur : sin ¶ þþþuuu?nnn?
Þorgautr/Þorgunnr setti stein þenna eptir Halfdan, fǫður sinn …
þorgotr/Þurgundr satti sten þænsi æftiʀ Halfdan, faþur sin …
”Þorgautr/Þorgunnr placed this stone in memory of Halfdan, his/her father …”
pætar
Pætar
Pétr
”Pétr”
amen
Amen
”Amen”
u^uillælmus
Wilhelmus
”Wilhelmus”
iohai
Ioha[nnes]
Jóha[nnes]
”Jóhannes”
' tomas ' prest ' biþ ' fo^ri ' mik :
Tomas Præst biþ fyri mik.
Tomás Prestr bið fyrir mik.
”Priest Thomás pray for me.”
godefridus : nafuam
Godefridus <nafuam>
”Godefridus <nafuam>”
{D} iacobus ru/ry
{D[ominus]} Iacobus <ru/ry>
”{Dominus} Iacobus <ru/ry>”
kar
kar
ker
”vessel”
a(u)kt/-ankt
…/[s]ankt.
”…/saint.”
bo
Boi
Búi
”Búi”
--etur fahide laþo þmh(l)(s)iiaeiaugrs(þ)nbkeiaz
… fahide laþu …
”… coloured invitation …”
alu
alu
”ale”
laþu
laþu
”invitation”
hariuha haitika ⁓ farauisa ⁓ gibu auja ⁓ ?
Hari<uha> haitika, farawisa, gibu auja. …
”Hari<uha> am I called, the danger-wise, I give luck. …”
foslau
…
”…”
salu salu
salu salu
”tradition tradition”
g ¶ t
… …
”…”
(l)akz
la[u]k[a]z
”leek”
oa ¶ se(j)s(z)ul ¶ aualhz
… … …
”…”
tlþ?lfhis ¶ ho·z ¶ all
… Ho[ua]z alu.
”… Ho[ua]z ale.”
hoz ¶ si huu uilt ¶ alu
Hoz! Si hyu wilt! Alu!
”(You) Hoz, May the family be according to wish (= kindly disposed)! Ale!”
(l)kaz
l[au]kaz
”leek”
l{DN}u{MIS}? ¶ {DCN}?{A}??
… …
”…”
(l)kaz
l[au]kaz
”leek”
nh?þ?(l)(l) ¶ a(u)þr(k)(f)
… fuþark[gw](?)
”… fuþarkgw(?)”
lamo ⁓ ¶ talgida
Lamo talgide
”Lamo shaped”
i?k(u)??ir--
…
”…”
§A unrnurn §B (a)hua(m)--(-)
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
fuþork-
<fuþork[h]>
”<fuþorkh>”
§A amo^ræmm : e(l)… þhækko ⁓ staa^r ⁓ t-… §B a^go auro : uos ⁓ …-(l) ⁓ sa^nro^r(o)^(n) · gasdaer a^ng…
§A Amorem … … … … §B ago auro vos … … … …
”§A Love … §B with gold I drive you …”
§A …im ¶ …onho ¶ …nmhm^(l)o ¶ …hil(s)h §B noro… ¶ hlþoh… ¶ horþ(l)…
§A … … … … §B … … …
”§A … §B …”