Runor
L
A
D
D
A
R
birhir bunt
Birgir Bunt
Birgiʀ Bunt
”Birgir Bunt”
”Birger Bunt”
hataitn
…
”…”
hata · iain
… …
”…”
orus
Orus
Orus
”Orus”
”Orsa”
fuþorkhn ¶ ⁓ þidrik
<fuþorkhn[iast]> Þiuþrik
<fuþorkhn[iast]> Þjóðrekr
”<fuþorkhniast> Þjóðrekr”
fuþor
<fuþor[k]>
”<fuþork>”
uþorkh
<[f]uþorkh[nias]>
”<fuþorkhnias>”
fuþ
<fuþ[ork]>
”<fuþork>”
fuþ
<fuþ[ork]>
”<fuþork>”
fuþo
<fuþo[rk]>
”<fuþork>”
[her huilir ælin nræisitotr/ne^ræistote^r · altiþ ¶ hænnar ær klemiþmesoaftan]
Hér hvílir Elín Neriðsdóttir. Artíð hennar er Klementsmessuaptan.
”Here rests Elín Neriðr's daughter. Her anniversary-of-death is the eve of Klemetr's mass.”
§A þorolfr : gærþi : kirku þesa ⁓: askrimr ⁓ hakon ⁓ ælikr ⁓ pal ¶ æinriþi ⁓ siønti ⁓ þorolfr §B þorer ⁓ ræist §C olafr
§A Þórolfr gerði kirkju þessa. Ásgrímr, Hákon, Erlingr, Páll. Eindriði, Sjaundi, Þórulfr. §B Þórir reist. §C Ólafr.
”§A Þórolfr made this church. Ásgrímr, Hákon, Erlingr, Páll, Eindriði, Sjaundi, Þórulfr. §B Þórir carved. §C Ólafr.”
[furru ræþir]
… ræðr(?)
”… interprets(?)”
þeta hefir æyitr
Þetta hefir Eyvindr
”Eyvindr has this …”
uiþ aui {PI}
Víðar(?) Ave [Maria]. {Pa}[ter](?)
”Víðarr. Hail [Mary], (Our) Father(?)”
gæirmuntr gerþe mik
Geirmundr gerði mik.
”Geirmundr made me.”
[⁓] þ(o)r(g)autr : fifil : m(i)k : g(e)rþ(e)
Þorgautr Fífill mik gerði.
”Þorgautr Dandelion made me.”
un þu m(e)r als kþrs
Unn þú mér alls góðs.
”Grant to me all good.”
ltlsssiiikutramsstltttll
…
”…”
a^u^æ ⁓ maria ⁓ grakia ⁓
Ave Maria gratia
”Hail Mary, (full of) grace”
[ko^ra ⁓ neris⁓sun ⁓ reist ⁓ mik]
Kári Neriðssonr reist mik.
”Kári Neriðr's son carved me.”
-m-rn/mmrn
…
”…”
ra^n^na^r : biskop : uigþi : kir:kiu : þessa : þa : fygþi : honom : fylgþi : þa : þorþr : ka^palæin ¶ ok : æina^r : na^fr : o^k þro^ntr : mo^kr : ok : þorstæin : ra^uþi : ok þo^nt^r : kin : o^k han : ræist : runa^r : þesar
Ragnarr biskup vígði kirkju þessa. Þá fýlgði honum, fylgði þá Þórðr kapaleinn ok Einarr Nafarr ok Þróndr munkr ok Þorsteinn Rauði ok Þróndr Kinn, ok hann reist rúnar þessar.
”Bishop Ragnarr dedicated this church. He was then assisted, then assisted by Þórðr the Chaplain and Einarr Nave-borer/Auger and Þróndr the monk and Þorsteinn Red and Þróndr Chin, and he carved these runes.”
…eta : er : guþas : hus · æk · guþ · blæsi · þan · er · gera · let · æk · sua · huæn · þan [·] som · up · hæl(t)(a)(r)
[Þ]etta er Guðs hús, ok Guð blezi þann er gera lét, ok svá hvern þann sem upp heldr.
”This is God's house and may God bless he who had (it) made and whosoever maintains (it).”
+ aslagr : pr(e)str · reit · runa^r þessa^r
Áslakr prestr reit rúnar þessar.
”Áslakr the priest wrote these runes.”
þostæin bengæir ræit runar þessar sutah þan er nesr net iolom
Þorsteinn Bengeirr reit rúnar þessar sunnudag þann, er næstr … jólum.
”Þorsteinn Sore-spear wrote these runes on the Sunday which is closest … Christmas.”
olafar -…lsr
Ólafr …
”Ólafr …”
…
…
”…”
---r · (o)(n) · (g)ripr · (g)unar
… Ánn(?)/Ónn(?), Grípr, Gunnarr.
”… Ánn(?)/Ónn(?), Grípr, Gunnarr.”
ru(n)(a)r …
Rúnar …
”Runes …”
… ¶ …llllliiiii fuþ(o)r(k)(h)… …
… … <fuþorkh…> …
”… <fuþorkh…> …”
------sb-------------------(h)us---u---n
…
”…”
þesar runar ræist uistæin hæil ea en ræist øuk su^a ba sa in r(æ)þar
Þessar rúnar reist Vésteinn. Heill sá en reist, ok svá bæði sá en ræðr.
”Vésteinn carved these runes. Hail both he who carved, and he who interprets (the runes).”
⁓ sigurþr ⁓ ialssun : ræist : runar : þesar : lo^uga^r:dagen : æftir : botolfs:mæso : e^r : a^n : flyþi : higat : o^k · uildi : æigi : ga^ga : til · sæta^r : uiþ : su^ærri : fo^þ^ur:bana : sin : o^k : brøþra :⁓
Sigurðr Jarlssonr reist rúnar þessar laugardaginn eptir Bótulfsmessu, er hann flýði hingat ok vildi eigi ganga til sættar við Sverri fǫðurbana sinn ok brœðra.
”Sigurðr Jarl's son carved these runes on the Saturday after Bótulfr's-mass when he fled here and did not want to undergo reconciliation with Sverrir, the slayer of his father and brothers.”
… h-lu-rþr · krenske · ræist uinar þesr · sæl er · sa er sui(k)(i) · -(f)yla · so^rh · r(e)ika^r · tohe · græitis · sot · at · kæte · ge^lt^r æiþa^r · þæs · (a)^lt^ri · era · fenbra^uhþum · flahþa · fa^lner · niþr · meþ · a^ulu · ha^uka^r · ba^lts · a^uk · ha^lta · huhstriþi · byr·…
… H[a]llv[a]rðr Grenski reist rúnar þessar. Sæll er, sá er svíki, fýla, sorg á reikar torgi Grettis sótt at gæti, geldr eiðar þess aldri. Er-a feiknbrǫgðum flagða fallnir niðr með ǫllu haukar Baldrs, ok halda hugstríði byr[skíða].
”… Hallvarðr from Grenland (lower Telemark) carved these runes. Never is he fortunate, the brute who betrays: (he can) expect to get sorrow on the hair-part's turf (ie on his head); (he will) pay for this (broken) oath. The breeze-blown skis ( = ships) of Baldr's hawks ( = the warriors) (ie the sea-warriors) are not all felled through the baleful deeds of ogresses, and (they) hold the memory of battle.”
⁓ þæsse : kirka : æ^r (:) uig^d (:) sa(k)^t(s) (:) (o)l(a)^u(e) (:) ko(n)o^g(e)
Þessi kirkja er vígð Sanctus Ólafi konungi.
”This church is dedicated to Saint Ólafr the King.”
§A math(e)us §B lukas §C mar(k)us §D ioh(a)(n)(n)(e)s
§A Matthæus §B Lucas §C Marcus §D Johannes
”§A Matthew §B Luke §C Mark §D John”
[mi(:)m æ(:)lifu : neta^r : til : botolps:søku : (o)ltiþ s a]
Mem[orandum]: Ellifu nætr til Bótulfsvǫku ártíð S[…] A[…].
”Memorandum: eleven nights until Bótulfrs-vigil, S-… A-…'s anniversary-of-death.”
[⁓ h(e)^r : likar ⁓ þors-ouar ⁓ þnr…iun]
Hér liggr Þor… …
”Here lies Þor-… …”
[arnæ]
Árni
”Árni”
[olai]
…
”…”
§A [pkrus ⁓ paullus : an(t)ræas markus : maria ⁓ mathius uukis : iohannisi t(æ)tra⁓krama⁓ton ⁓ ag(l)a ⁓ akios ⁓ annail ⁓ missæai ⁓ iesuk ⁓ gristi ⁓ gu…] §B [maria s m · hila ⁓ iesus ⁓ krists ⁓ tit(r) hakon]
§A Petrus, Paulus, Andreas, Marcus, Maria, Matthæus, Lucas, Johannes, Tetragrammaton, Agla, Agios, <annail>, Messias, Jesus, Kristus, Gu[ð]. §B María s[æl] m[ær] helga. Jésús Kristus. Tetr[agrammaton]. Hákon.
”§A Peter, Paul, Andrew, Mark, Mary, Matthew, Luke, John, Tetragrammaton, 'agla' (= Thou art strong in eternity, Lord), holy, Emmanuel?/Adonai? (Lord), Messiah, Jesus Christ, God. §B Fortunate Mary, the holy maiden. Jesus Christ. Tetragrammaton. Hákon.”
[ra^ngn(e) (s)]
Ragni(?) s[acerdos](?)
”Ragni(?) the priest(?).”
[ranu^aig]
Rannveig
”Rannveig.”
[ilþa]
…
”…”
[artiþ : er ⁓ ikibrha^r : kara:totr : þru : nom : æpter : krosmesst : um · uarst ¶ + huær (:) sa : maþ-r ⁓ runar : þec : sar : þa : sy-e : bater : no-ter : fyrer : søl : heþnar : haalbe ⁓ kuþ : þæim : er : suæ : kerer]
Ártíð er Ingibjargar Káradóttur þrim nóttum eptir krossmessu um várit. Hverr sá maðr rúnar þessar sér, þá sy[ng]i Pater no[s]ter fyrir sál hennar. Hjalpi Guð þeim er svá gerir.
”Ingibjǫrg Kári's daughter's anniversary-of-death is three nights after Cross-mass in spring. Whoever the man who sees these runes may be, may he sing Our Father for her soul. May God help him who does thus.”
[ø^yulfr r r]
Eyjulfr r[eist] r[únar].
”Eyjulfr carved runes.”
…
…
”…”
her : nid^ri ⁓ firir ⁓ huilir ⁓ iumfru ⁓ ma^rgretta ⁓ bidir ⁓ pate^r ⁓ nosd^e^r ⁓ firir ⁓ henna^r : saal ⁓
Hér niðri fyrir hvílir jumfrú Margréta. Biðið Pater noster fyrir hennar sál.
”Here below rests the virgin Margréta. Pray Our Father for her soul.”
ilo u(e)n(:)r tuan þr hulf oisk ⁓ ok fpkl þr t(e)k þo(g)u
Illu vinnr dúfan þar hvolf óisk ok fugl þar tekr þoku.
”The dove resists evil where he fears (the sky's) vault, and the bird there takes shelter.”
hip---
…
”…”
hika ihkiporh (þ)
Helga(?), Ingibjǫrg …
”Helga,/Holy(?) Ingibjǫrg …”
askautr
Ásgautr
”Ásgautr”
alf^a e^t …
Alpha et [Omega].
”Alpha and Omega.”
aue maria gracia btena dominus lecum benedicla lu in mutie
Ave Maria gratia plena. Dominus tecum, benedicta tu in mulie[ribus].
”Hail Mary, full of grace. The Lord is with Thee: blessed art Thou among women.”
kuþ
Guð
”God”
(t)r(o)ten min ty mer til þes at ek fa bet^ra
Dróttinn minn, tý mér til þess at ek fá betra.
”My Lord, assist me so that it gets better for me.”
--(u)(k)-(ø)mr · huh-r · se(n)(d)ir · uin sinum astsaml(e)ha kuæþiu
… … sendir vin sínum ástsamlega kveðju.
”… sends his friend a loving greeting.”
(h)a^(l)(d)i (⁓) hin ⁓ hæ^lhi ⁓ d^roten ⁓ ho^n(d) ⁓ yuir (⁓) brynio^lfs ⁓ on⁓d ⁓ þ^at ⁓ se (⁓) satt
Haldi hinn helgi dróttinn hǫnd yfir Brynjulfs ǫndu. Þat sé sat.
”May the holy Lord hold (His) hand over Brynjulfr's spirit. May it be true.”
[ha^ld](i) (⁓) (h)(i)(n) (⁓) hæ^lhi ⁓ d(r)oti(n) ⁓ h
Haldi hinn helga dróttinn h[ǫnd]
”may the holy Lord hold (His) hand”
hin
hinn
”the”
mag hin hilg
Mag[nús] hinn helgi.
”Magnús the Holy.”
lofaþum
lofuðum
”praised”
blæcaþer s
blezaðr s[á](?)
”blessed he (who)”
b^eine
Beini
”Beini”
maria
María
”Mary”
-----(r)--(k)--ir
…
”…”
r(o)a^r ru(e)
Hróarr …
”Hróarr …”
× a^rnfiþr ræist mik
Arnfinnr reist mik.
”Arnfinnr carved me.”
ga^ut^e
Gauti
”Gauti”
k b s
… … …
”…”
blæs
blez[aðr](?)
”blessed(?)”
+ askrimr +
Ásgrímr
”Ásgrímr”
or------------
…
”…”
-r-uþ-
…
”…”
io^n
Jón
”Jón”
ornesi
Órnesi
”Órnes”
a^ue
ave
”Hail”
guþ hia^be þer trautto
Guð hjalpi þér …
”May God help you …”
þettas {K}ir{K}ia^n a {K}irkiuuelle
Þetta's {k}ir{k}jan á {K}irkjuvelli.
”This is the church of Kirkjuvǫllr.”
þo^rir · ræist · runa^r · þessa^r · þan · olaus·mess·o^æpþa^n ¶ …r han · fo^r · he^r um ¶ ⁓ bæþe^ ^ge^rþo^ ^no^(r)ne^r · uæl · o^k · il^la · mikla · møþe ¶ g skapaþu · þær mer
Þórir reist rúnar þessar þann Ólausmessaptan, [e]r han fór hér um. Bæði gerðu nornir vel ok illa, mikla mœði … skǫpuðu þær mér.
”Þórir carved these runes on the eve of Olaus-mass, when he travelled past here. The norns did both good and evil, great toil … they created for me.”
raþ ret þu runar ¶ uh blint (e)s lo at
Ráð rétt þú rúnar. … blint er …/uglu(?) át(?).
”Interpret the runes rightly! … Blind is(?) … the owl's(?) nourishment(?) (ie obscure are the words of the owl).”
<hor-->
hór…(?)
”adultery-(?)…”
<hor> --
hórr(?) …
”whore …”
pati
pati
”gossip”
{K} æ ' b {K}
{K}[yrie](?) e[leison](?) B[enedictus](?) {q}[ui](?)
”Lord have mercy, blessed is he who(?)”
kirkia^n a^ ^kirkiuuelli a mik
Kirkjan á Kirkjuvelli á mik.
”The church of Kirkjuvǫllr owns me.”
kuþ styþi huæn er mik styþer til utfærþar
Guð styði hvern er mik styðr til útferðar.
”May God support whosoever supports my expedition.”
r<a>n t^r<yll>
Ragn[ar](?) Dryllr.
”Ragnarr(?) the Stout.”
kn(u)(a)(s)
…
”…”
m(a)tig biorn siriþ
Máttig/málig Bjǫrn [ok] Sigríðr.
”Mighty/Talkative Bjǫrn and Sigríðr”
trnralaba^la^lisa^rnþa^la^ln
…
”…”
tistil mistil ok <h>n þiriþi þistil
Tistill, mistill ok, hinn þriði, þistill.
”'tistill', mistletoe and - the third - thistle.”
tistilsmiso<h>nþrl(e)--
…
”…”
tilsbnr
…
”…”
klemetr · ræist ru(^n)ar þesar sunutah þan er nestr e^r æpt(e)r iol guþ gæte (h)ans o^k in hælka m(æ)r
Klemetr reist rúnar þessar sunnudag þann, er næstr er eptir jól. Guð gæti hans ok hinn helga mær.
”Klemetr ræist these runes on the Sunday which is next after Christmas. May God and the holy maiden protect his.”
-(u)(þ) fani sal þira bæikia
[G]uð fagni sál þeira beggja.
”May God welcome both of their souls.”
------------/…
…
”…”
m^a^ria
María
”Mary”
mnri
María
”Mary”
n : iþ : rh : i
… … … …
”…”
ka^nuli
Knúti
”Knútr's”
kirkia ⁓ sa^nkus ⁓ kalikr
Kirkja. Sanctus. Kalikr.
”Church. Sanctus-bell. Chalice.”
fuþorkh
<fuþorkh[nias]>
”<fuþorkhnias>”
hi banaþo …
Hin bǫnnuðu …
”the forbidden/accursed …”
besse
Bessi
”Bessi”
a^u^e m^a
Ave Ma[ria]
”Hail Mary”
þe^nna (:) sta^(f) : (g)a^f : siþhriþ : a hu… …irir so^lo a^r^ndo^rs o^k se^r til misku^na^r
Þenna staf gaf Sigríðr á Hv[áli f]yrir sálu Arnþórs ok sér til miskunnar.
”Sigríðr of Hváll gave this staff for mercy towards the souls of Arnþórr and herself.”
asuin
…
”…”
ionsmæsodahr er nu
Jónsmessudagr er nú.
”Now is the day of Jón's-mass.”
ek t^rui a guþ
Ek trúi á Guð.
”I believe in God.”
petronile
Petronilla
”Petronilla”
loka^r fa^l loka^r sin i loka^rspo^nom
Lokarr fal lokar sinn í lokarspónum.
”Lokarr ('plane') concealed his plane in the plane-shavings.”
nu · er · ba^lm·sunua^fta^n ¶ troten· hia^be · þæim| |manni · ¶ er · þesa^r · runa^r · ræist · sua þæim · ¶ er · þær · ræþr +
Nú er palmsunnuaptann. Dróttinn hjalpi þeim manni, er þessar rúnar reist, svá þeim, er þær ræðr.
”(It) is now the eve of Palm Sunday. May the Lord help the man who carved these runes; likewise he who interprets them.”
fuþorkhains
<fuþorkhnias>
”<fuþorkhnias>”
a^ue ma
Ave Ma[ria]
”Hail Mary”
kuþ min ok hi ælak ma^ria
Guð minn ok hin helga María.
”My God and the holy Mary.”
kirkiu
kirkju
”church”
su^nr
sonr/suðr
”son/south”
glo^ri-
glori[a]
”Glory”
hælh(e)
Helgi
”Helgi”
sol(i) si-
soli(?) si[t](?)
”alone be(?)”
au- --r--…
Av[e](?) [Ma]r[ia](?)
”Hail Mary(?)”
styllaug
Styrlaugr
”Styrlaugr”
sa^n^ta^ ^mic
Sankt Mik[jáll]
”Saint Michael”
… m(a^)rtiri(b)us : l^eti(m)ini · e{X}ult^ent · iusti · mirabilis (a)…
… martiribus, letamini e{x}ultent justi mirabilis …
”… You rejoice with the martyrs! The righteous exult with wonders …”
§A a ⁓ ra^n §B mac
§A … … §B …
”§A … §B …”
synri
syðri(?)
”southerly(?)”
r^ ^r ra^r
R[áð] r[étt] r[ún]ar.
”Interpret the runes rightly!”
(m)-(t)---(i)(k)/(h)-(d)---(i)(k)
…
”…”
fu
<fu[þork]>
”<fuþork>”
guþ hia^lpe þæim er mik ræist in þat ua haukr
Guð hjalpi þeim, er mik reist, en þat var Haukr.
”May God help he who carved me and that was Haukr.”
ma^ria
María
”Mary”
øst<ain> : <ra>i<st> :
Eysteinn reist.
”Eysteinn carved.”
lit guþ^rs uit · ek ·
Til Guðs vil ek.
”I want (to go) to God.”
i^o^n
Jón
”Jón”
þtæ : ska^rfa^þi : ulæf : fa^rby^nsun
Þetta skarfaði Olafr/Oleifr Farbjǫrnssonr.
”Olafr/Oleifr Farbjǫrnsson joined this together.”
a^ue ma^ria gracia
Ave Maria gratia.
”Hail Mary, (full of) grace.”
--- (g)æte þin klemetr o^k a^l(^l)er hælger men(^n) (þ)at se --t
… gæti þín Klemetr ok allir helgir menn, þat sé [sa]tt(?).
”… may Klemetr and all holy men protect you. May it be true(?).”
p · patær ⁓
… pater.
”… Father.”
+ æ(g)h-
…
”…”
patær
pater
”Father.”
-uþorkhniastblmy
<[f]uþorkhniastblmy>
”<fuþorkhniastblmy>”
fuþorkhniastb(m)l(y)
<fuþorkhniastbmly>
”<fuþorkhniastbmly>”
m^a^r^i^a
María
”Mary”
þ(a) ⁓ um ⁓ þat ⁓ su(m)(a)(r) (⁓) ---- (:) (þ)(æ)ir : brøþr : ælling(r) (:) (o)k : auþun : hokoa : til : kirkiu : þessar : er : ærlinkr : i(a)… …(l) : i · niþar:ose ⁓
Þá, um þat sumar [létu] þeir brœðr Erlingr ok Auðun hǫggva til kirkju þessar, er Erlingr ja[rl fe]ll í Niðarósi.
”That was the summer which the brothers Erlingr and Auðun had (the wood) cut for this church, when Earl Erlingr fell in Nidaros.”
-ri(s)t aaa mik
[K]ristr á(?) mik.
”Christ owns(?) me.”
(g)ys a mik þiat ek erfiþar
Kyss á mik, þvíat ek erfiða.
”Kiss me because I am troubled.”
fuþ
<fuþ[ork]>
”<fuþork>”
hlbiork
Hallbjǫrg
”Hallbjǫrg”
⁓ kekhnke ⁓ ekng ⁓ pddadrdtkkd ⁓ ednnr ⁓ ardd ⁓ skpsdd :⁓ kfididmsdefkeddatafisif :⁓ ¶ : t(o)tas ¶ ⁓ ego ⁓ dini ⁓
… … … … … … … … ego …
”… I …”
pater noster k(i) (e)(s) in slis
Pater noster qui es in cœlis.
”Our Father who art in Heaven.”
non siþ
Non sit.
”Be not.”
kekhnke
…
”…”
æ t þ f f s s a n t æ t þ f f s s a n t
e[inn] t[veir] þ[rír] f[jórir] f[imm] s[ex] s[jau] á[tta] n[íu] t[íu] e[llifu] t[olf] þ[rettán] f[jórtán] f[imtán] s[extán] s[jautján] á[ttján] n[ítján] t[uttugu]
”One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty.”
kekhnke
…
”…”
ra^þ rett ru(^n)a^r þesar
Ráð rétt rúnar þessar.
”Rightly interpret these runes!”
sku-a æih(i)
Sku[nd]a eigi!
”Do not hurry!”
þet--
þett[a](?)
”this(?)”
ma^rka^rita^r : eiriks(:)totto^r : olafs sylua^r:smiþs :
Margarétar Eiríksdóttur, Ólafs Silfrsmiðs.
”Margarét Eiríkr's daughter's, Ólafr the silversmith's.”
þossæin
Þorsteinn
”Þorsteinn”
fuþ(o)rkhniastblme(æ)
<fuþorkhniastblmeæ>
”<fuþorkhniastblmeæ>”
na^leuila(s)
…
”…”
fuþo`r´khniastblm
<fuþorkhniastblm[y]>
”<fuþorkhniastblmy>”
fu
<fu[þork]>
”<fuþork>”
fu
<fu[þork]>
”<fuþork>”
iaþ
…
”…”
kia(þ)
…
”…”
asla^kr(·)s (·) þil (·) riti : ok: þokel suærþ
Áslakr's þil riti, ok Þorkell sverð.
”Áslakr, who wrote (on) this plank and Þorkell (on the) sword.”
ion ⁓ ihu
Jón <ihu>
”Jón <ihu>”
(þ)m-þih-
…
”…”
an(m)(l)
…
”…”
an (k)(u)
ann(?) Guð(?)
”love(s)(?) God(?)”