Runor
L
A
D
D
A
R
makist^æ^r : iakobus : m ruffus (:) fa… … fecit : ugþ
Magister Iacobus … Rufus fa[ber] [me] fecit. Guþ(?).
Magister Iacobus … Rufus fa[ber] [me] fecit. Guð(?).
”Master Iacobus … Red the smith made [me]. God(?).”
a^ndres : p + farmaðr +
Andrés p[restr], Farmaðr.
”Andrés the priest. Farmaðr.”
…ʀ … ub … stoin stotʀ …
… … upp/of … steinn stendr …
”… up/of … (the) stone stands …”
oþinkar
Óðinkárr.
”Óðinkárr”
§A … olafs … §B …to ⁓ mik
§A … Ólafs … §B [se]ttu(?) mik
”§A … Ólafr's … §B placed me”
§A þo^rfyts §B …-its…
§A Þorfinns §B …
”§A Þorfinnr's §B …”
+ þæ(t)(t)a · hus · er · u…¶kt · dt^rotne · ua^ro… ¶ o^k mo^ðo^r · ha^ns · ma^riu ¶ a^k pet^re postola
Þetta hús er v[í]gt Drótni váru[m] ok móður hans Maríu ok Pétri postola.
”This house is dedicated to our Lord and his mother Mary and Peter the apostle.”
stein · þænnna · gærðe · ¶ botolfr · steinmeist^aræ
Steinn þenna gerði Bótulfr steinmeistari.
”Bótulfr the stonemaster made this stone.”
+ stina^r lahþe osm
Steinarr lagði Ásm[undarsonr].
”Steinarr Ásmundr's son laid (the fence).”
+ sa m^aþr ⁓ r(æ)ist ⁓ ru^n-a^r þ(e)sa^r ⁓ er ⁓ k--(t)eko a : præsti ia
Sá maðr reist rúnar þessar, er g[is]tingu(?) á presti já.
”That man carved these runes who was willing to offer the priest accommodation.(?)”
§A + sagta maria : a mik ouk hnar sun kriister §B øuk alir hlk|u| |k|uþrs ouk alir bostolar hans
§A Sankta María á mik ok hennar sonr Kristr §B ok allir helgu Guðs ok allir postolar hans.
”§A Saint Mary and Christ her son own me, §B and all of God's saints and all of His apostles.”
§A + øuk : atla : til : aflas : §B s¶¶ynta ¶ øuk §A siol¶¶fum ser : øuk ølu : kristn folke
§A ok Atla til afláts §B synda, ok §A sjǫlfum sér ok ǫllu kristnu folki.
”§A … and (for) Atli for pardon of §B his sins and §A for himself and for all Christian folk.”
§A aslacar : gerþe^ ^mik : runar : ek · rist : au^k · raþ:na : sta·ue : uer · §B sici
§A Áslakr gerði mik. Rúnar ek ríst ok ráðna stafi. … §B …
”§A Áslakr made me. Runes I carve and interpreted (interpretable?) staves … §B …”
+ nikulas at^lasu^n ¶ ke^rþe ru^na^r ¶ a mrkom hal
Nikulás Atlasonr gerði rúnar á mǫrgum hall.
”Nikulás Atli's son made runes on many rock-slabs.”
§A fuþorkhniastblmyøæc + §B rk fuþoork hfu
§A <fuþorkhniastblmyøæc> §B … <fuþoork> …
”§A <fuþorkhniastblmyøæc> §B … <fuþoork> …”
…
…
”…”
+ stæin : þena ⁓ le(t) : auhmuntr skialhe : lækia ⁓ ifir : kunu : kuþustotor æn ar(t)iþ henar lykasmeso
Steinn þenna lét Ǫgmundar Skjalgi leggja yfir Gunnu Guðulfsdóttur, en ártið hennar [er] Lúkasmessu.
”Ǫgmundr the Cross-eyed had this stone laid over Gunna Guðulfr's daughter and her anniversary-of-death is Luke's-mass.”
anfinir
Arnfinnr
”Arnfinnr”
+ suæin : a mik a iaþri en her huilir : untir : asa
Sveinn á mik á Jaðri, en hér hvilir undir Ása.
”Sveinn of Jaðarr owns me and hereunder rests Ása.”
[…uþ · sihni þen man er gerþe auk þen er gera let þat e^r ellingr lo----…]
[G]uð signi þann mann er gerði, ok þann er gera lét, þat er Erlingr Lo[ptssonr](?).
”God bless the man who made (me) and he who had (me) made: that is Erlingr Loptr's(?) son.”
---ss-------
…
”…”
§A æinriþi §B kæirþi §C k(æ)r u(æ)l
§A Eindriði §B gerði §C kar vel.
”§A Eindriði §B made §C the vessel well.”
[þeser ⁓ hurþir ⁓ gerþe ⁓ þorþr a stafi ⁓ en ka^ri ringænæ guþo]
Þessar hurðir gerði Þórðr á Stafi, en Kári [gerði] hringana góðu.
”Þórðr of Stafr made these doors and Kári [made] the good rings.”
ha… mik : aue maria
… mik. Ave Maria.
”… me. Hail Mary.”
: aumutær : geþe mik : aø^slikær a mik
Auðmundr gerði mik. Ásleikr á mik.
”Auðmundr made me. Ásleikr owns me.”
× þair : finr : auk : skofti : rais(t)u : s(t)in : þena : þa : es : (þ)air : s(k)iþtu : lantom : sinum : saʀn(e)r : uala ×
Þeir Finnr ok Skopti reistu stein þenna, þá er þeir skiptu lǫndum sínum, synir Vála.
”Finnr and Skopti, Váli's sons, they raised this stone when they divided their land(ed property).”
hti
…
”…”
m^a^r^i^a
María
”Mary”
[a^u… …r]
Av[e] …
”Hail …”
[un]
…
”…”
× bater noster
Pater noster.
”Our Father”
?
…
”…”
a^ni - hualis r^eis
Áni(?) [á] Hváli's reist.
”Áni of Hváll carved.”
-r---
[K]r[ist](?)
”Christ(?)”
t^r^o^t^i^n in^ri
Dróttinn, INʀI.
”Lord. INʀI (= Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews).”
(u)iko
viku(?)
”week(?)”
(e)(r)li…
Erli[ngr](?)
”Erlingr(?)”
nir
…
”…”
gristr ' healb(i) ' þorstæini ' þores'syni ' ¶ huarhe sim han fær
Kristr hjalpi Þorsteini Þórissyni, hvargi sem hann ferr.
”May Christ help Þorsteinn Þórir's son wherever he may travel.”
hic uærsum scribo
Hic versum scribo.
”Here I write a verse.”
sihurþr
Sigurðr
”Sigurðr”
au
…
”…”
stat : i friþi · kuþs · osa
Statt í friði Guðs, Ása.
”Stand in God's peace, Ása.”
rahna
Ragna
”Ragna.”
i(o)f kiutlk/kitutlki/kitutlks
… …
”…”
ek hæfi ue^ærit/uerit þ^ar mani na kranne + ¶ bo/bærþor
Ek hefi verit þar muni na kránni, Bó[tulfr](?)/Bergþórr(?).
”I have been where (one) could reach (into the) cranny. Bótulfr(?)/Bergþórr(?).”
bærþo^r
Bergþórr
”Bergþórr”
sihurþr
Sigurðr
”Sigurðr”
ranuaih
Rannveig
”Rannveig”
+ patær nostær kui æs inn celiss : s¶a^nktificetur nomen tu^um a^þueniaþ r¶ægnum t^uum fia^þ uoluntas tua sikuþ ¶ inn celo æþ inn tærra panæm nosst^rum kotid¶ia^num da^ ^nobis odie æþ dimitte no^bis debita^ ^nost¶ra sikuþ æþ nos dimittimuss debito^ribus noss¶t^riss æþ ne nos inndukass inn tæmtacio^næm sæþ li¶bera^ ^nos a malo amen + iohannæss maþ¶uss ma^þþeus markuss lu^k^ass
Pater noster qui es in cœlis sanctificetur nomen tuum adveniat regnum tuum fiat voluntas tua sicut inn cœlo et in terra panem nostrum cotidianum da nobis odie et dimitte nobis debita nostra sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris et ne nos inducas in temtationem set libera nos a malo, amen. Johannes, Matthæus, Matthæus, Marcus, Lucas.
”Our Father who art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on Earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us, and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil, Amen. John, Matthew, Matthew, Mark, Luke.”
§A bet^rus … + markus ouk … s(e)^r(a)^fion ko^nsta(n)tinus §B (h)ia^lp(i) mer al(e)r þeir + a^uþun reist mik
§A Petrus … Marcus ok … Serapion, Constantinus §B Hjalpi mér allir þeir. Auðun reist mik.
”§A Peter … Mark and … Serapion, Constantinus §B may they all help me. Auðun carved me.”
[× kuneitr : eit : marki]
Gunnsitr(?) setti merki.
”Gunnsitr(?) placed the landmark”
[× kunstin : siti : marki]
Gunnsteinn setti merki.
”Gunnsteinn placed the landmark”
[× kunhitr : let : mærkia]
Gunnhildr lét merkja.
”Gunnhildr had … marked.”
: fø^yri alæ s
fyrir alla s[álir]/s[ál].
”for all souls / bring the fortunate”
⁓ her uar ha^n o^k heþan fo^r han u
Hér var hann, ok heðan fór hann út.
”Here he was and from here he travelled out.”
[ailifr × alkr × bar × fiska × i × rauþu×sio ×]
Eilífr Elgr bar fiska í Rauðusjó.
”Eilífr Elk carried (ie. released) fish into Rauðusjór.”
× ruar (⁓) raisti ⁓ stain ⁓ þ(a)n(o) ⁓ (a)(f)(t)ir ⁓ a(l)(u)i ⁓ faþur : sin ·
Hróarr reisti stein þenna eptir Ǫlvi, fǫður sinn.
”Hróarr raised this stone in memory of Ǫlvir, his father.”
[þorþær : a huæim(e) : (e)r h(e)r : ia- :]
Þórðr á Hveimi er hér jarðaðr.
”Þórðr of Hveimr is interred here.”
§A iurun ⁑ rais(t)i [⁑] s(t)ain ⁑ þina ⁑ af(t)ir [⁑] au-aun- ⁑ is ⁑ (h)ana ⁑ --(t)i [⁑] auk ⁑ furþi ⁑ af ⁑ hrikariki ⁑ u(t)an ⁑ ur ulb⁑aui- §B × auk ⁑ (m)unta⁑stain ⁑ ----ir ⁑ þusi ×
§A Jórunnr reisti stein þenna eptir <au-aun-> er hana [á]tti, ok fœrði af Hringaríki útan ór Ulfeyj[u]. §B Ok myndasteinn [mæt]ir þessi.
”§A Jórunnr raised this stone in memory of <au-aun-> who owned her (ie. was her husband), and (she) brought (it) out of Hringaríki, from Ulfey. §B And the picture-stone venerates them.”
× ikli × reisti stein þana eftir × þoral(t) sun sin is uarþ tauþr × i uitahol(m)(i) miþli ustaulms auk karþa ×
Engli reisti stein þenna eptir Þórald, son sinn, er varð dauðr í Vitaholmi, miðli Ustaholms ok Garða.
”Engli raised this stone in memory of Þóraldr, his son, who died in Vitaholmr - between Ustaholmr and Garðar (Russia).”
× cʀnir ⁑ aunar ⁑ rʀkiu ⁑ ricþtu [⁑] …(f)tir ⁑ aufa ⁑ bruþur ⁑ cin ⁑ hialbi ⁑ kuþ × col × aufa
Synir Aunar Ryggju/Rœkju reistu [e]ptir <aufa>, bróður sinn. Hjalpi Guð sál <aufa>.
”Aun Ryggja's/Rœkja's sons raised in memory of <aufa>, their brother. May God help <aufa>'s soul.”
[… … ⁑ sitn ⁑ stin ⁑ þino ⁑ af… …]
… [hefir/gat] settan stein þenna ep[tir] …
”… [has/got] placed this stone in memory of …”
[… …ikkar u-sir kunnar æ hola snatuson × uoniu : san- + innar · il : tær ⁓ þæu ⁓ kranar : ialtrar kuþ sinir · inar kitla kir-ø isril-i inkæri]
… [l]iggr u[n]dir Gunnarr á Holi <snatuson> … … … … … … Granar(?) … Guð signi(?) … … … … …
”… Gunnarr of Holl, <snatu>'s son, lies underneath … Grǫn … May God bless …”
(u)nuaur : ris(t)i : stin : þina : a(f)tir : anut : isa--- : ha------sun : --ra :
Gunnvǫr reisti stein þenna eptir Ǫnund … … …
”Gunnvǫr raised this stone in memory of Ǫnundr …”
× kunuur × kirþi × bru × þririks tutir × iftir osriþi × tutur × sina × su uas mar hanarst × o haþalanti
Gunnvǫr gerði brú, Þrýðríks dóttir, eptir Ástríði, dóttur sína. Sú var mær hǫnnurst á Haðalandi.
”Gunnvǫr, Þryðríkr's daughter, made the bridge in memory of her daughter Ástríðr. She was the handiest maiden in Haðaland.”
[loden a : kion : læt (:) rænttæ : þætta]
Loðinn á Kjós lét penta þetta.
”Loðinn of Kjóss had this painted.”
[loþen × mærkæþe uer × raknilti × systur×totor ¶ sini]
Loðinn markaði ver Ragnhildi, systurdóttur sinni.
”Loðinn marked the coverlet for Ragnhildr, his niece.”
barþr : andres:son : ¶ gerþi : mik :
Bárðr Andréssonr gerði mik.
”Bárðr Andrés' son made me.”
[her huilir ælin nræisitotr/ne^ræistote^r · altiþ ¶ hænnar ær klemiþmesoaftan]
Hér hvílir Elín Neriðsdóttir. Artíð hennar er Klementsmessuaptan.
”Here rests Elín Neriðr's daughter. Her anniversary-of-death is the eve of Klemetr's mass.”
[kuþman kerþe + mik]
Guðmann gerði mik.
”Guðmann made me.”
r ⁓ p ⁓ k ⁓ iii sss ttt iii lll
… … … … … … … …
”…”
n------
…
”…”
ræiþulfr : kærþi : þer ork
Hreiðulfr gerði þar ǫrk.
”Hreiðulfr made the chest there.”
ælæng⁓r ⁓ anason ⁓ ræist ⁓ runar ⁓ þesar
Erlingr Árnasonr(?) reist rúnar þessar.
”Erlingr Árni's son(?) carved these runes.”
+ her ⁓ huilir ⁓ þo^ra (⁓) moder ⁓ eirih ⁓ prest ⁓ pater (⁓) noster ⁓
Hér hvílir Þóra, móðir Eiríks prests. Pater noster.
”Here rests Þóra, mother of Eiríkr the priest. Our Father”
m^a^r(i)(a)
María
”Mary”
ifs
…
”…”
…--…
…
”…”
[æintriþi (:) skar (:) mia:finkr : s(o)^nr : olafs (:) ila]
Eindriði skar mjáfingr sonar Ólafs illa.
”Eindriði cut the little-finger of Ólafr's son badly.”
[æintriþi (:) skar (:) mia:finkr : s(o)^nr : olafs : (a) l(o)]
Eindriði skar, Mjáfingr, sonr Ólafs á Ló.
”Eindriði Slenderfingers, son of Ólafr of Ló, cut.”
kosa : sunir : ristu : s(t)in : þinsi : af(t)ir : kunar : bruþur:sun
Gása synir reistu stein þenna eptir Gunnar, bróðurson.
”Gasi's sons raised this stone in memory of Gunnarr, (their) nephew.”
askrimr
Ásgrímr
”Ásgrímr”
ba^rþ
Bárðr
”Bárðr”
m^a^r^i^a
María
”Mary”
a sigridhi
Á Sigríði.
”(curse?) on Sigríðr”
a gunnu
Á Gunnu
”(curse?) on Gunna.”
[…]
…
”…”
[barþir hæ--… ¶ kirikþni-kr]
Bárðr He[lgasonr] …
”Bárðr Helgi's son …”
[+ þorgeir : pre(s)ter : let : gera : mik : ion : gerðe : mik : með : guc : misku]
Þorgeirr prestr lét gera mik. Jón gerði mik, með Guðs miskunn.
”Þorgeirr the priest had me made. Jón made me with God's mercy.”
[---urþr - ris-- -…]
[Sig]urðr … ris[ti](?) …
”Sigurðr … carved(?) …”
[… … … … …]
Hér hvílir Páll Hallvarðssonr Víðihol.
”Here rests Páll of Víðihol, Hallvarðr's son.”
her huilir guþo^rmr slæikir : litlagahndahadahr e^r a^rtiþ ¶ ha^ns
Hér hvílir Guðormr/Guðþormr Sleikir. Litla-gangdagadagr er ártíð hans.
”Here rests Guðormr/Guðþormr the Licker. The Minor Rogation day is his anniversary-of-death.”
[… þona … buruþur si…]
… þenna … bróður si[nn].
”… this … his brother.”
[… (a)l(a)ib ha… s(e)n k-afiaishþ--t--]
… Áleif … sinn …
”… Áleifr … his …”
ha^l/hia^l ' -oik/-bik
… …
”…”
f
<fuþork>(?)
”<fuþork>”
--- mik
… mik
”… me”
-(r)i
…
”…”
[ut uk ' uit ' uk ' þurba ' þiru u(k) as ' uin'ka(l)(t)o| |o ' isa ' i ubukþ aþ k(u)(a)mu auþ ma ilt ' uika| ' |at| |taui ' ar]
Út ok vítt, ok þurfa þerru ok áts, vindkalda á ísa, í óbygð at kómu. Auð má illt vega, at deyji ár.
”Abroad and afar and in need of dry clothes and food, they came in to the wilderness; up on the cold, wind-swept ice. Evil - whereby one may die early - can take away riches.”
§A þa : ræist : mik : oa^k : ræisti ¶ [: a]mundi : o^rmstæins:a:sun : a : sot^range §B hær : er : ændimærgi ⁓ o^r austæ^r : i : la^ngæ:fosn §C fur[a :] §D …u…/…r…
§A Þá reist mik ok reisti Ámundi Ormsteinssonr á Sótrangi. §B Hér er endimerki ór austr í Langaforsinn. §C fura §D …
”§A Ámundi Ormsteinn's son of Sótrangr carved and raised me then. §B The border-mark is from here east into Langaforsinn. §C fir §D …”
× þ--
…
”…”
fuþo
<fuþo[rk]>
”<fuþork>”
þe(t) : h…
þat(?) h[efir](?)
”that has(?)”
sim(e)on : risti : runar þa : æs : þeir : foru : bali (:) ouk : kolbiorn : m naþ : þorbini : s(e)nd(i)(:)man(i)
Simeon risti rúnar, þá er þeir fóru, Balli ok Kolbjǫrn. Mun náð Þorbirni sendimanni.
”Simeon carved runes when Balli and Kolbjǫrn travelled (out). (They) should have reached Þorbjǫrn the Messenger.”
§A ek hæitk iesus naþarenum §B ek þolde ha^rþan dauþ §C to:mas
§A Ek heiti Jésús Nazarenus §B Ek þolða harðan dauð. §C Thomás.
”§A I am called Jesus of Nazareth. §B I suffered the hard death. §C Thomás.”
§A ek haitit esus naþarenum
§A Ek heiti Jésús Nazarenus
”§A I am called Jesus of Nazareth.”
[…]
…
”…”
§A þorolfr : gærþi : kirku þesa ⁓: askrimr ⁓ hakon ⁓ ælikr ⁓ pal ¶ æinriþi ⁓ siønti ⁓ þorolfr §B þorer ⁓ ræist §C olafr
§A Þórolfr gerði kirkju þessa. Ásgrímr, Hákon, Erlingr, Páll. Eindriði, Sjaundi, Þórulfr. §B Þórir reist. §C Ólafr.
”§A Þórolfr made this church. Ásgrímr, Hákon, Erlingr, Páll, Eindriði, Sjaundi, Þórulfr. §B Þórir carved. §C Ólafr.”
[furru ræþir]
… ræðr(?)
”… interprets(?)”
askrimr
Ásgrímr
”Ásgrímr”
þmþr s s þ : gærþi mik
Þormóðr … s[onr] [á] Þ[orpum] gerði mik.
”Þormóðr of Þorpr, …'s son made me.”
m^a^r^i^a
María
”Mary”
fuþork
<fuþork>
”<fuþork>”
i^h^s^u^s
Jésús
”Jesus”
oau/a^tua/t^aua
…
”…”
þo(-)
…
”…”
þorolfr : kærþi : kirkiu þesa : en : kæræ:stæin : ua^r filakr : ok þæir : kuna^r : uiþa^r : æyint^r : æirikkr : kuna^r : nu hæfi ek ristit : alra a^lfr uar ok
Þórulfr gerði kirkju þessa, en Geirsteinn var félagi ok þeir Gunnarr, Víðarr, Eyvindr, Eiríkr, Gunnarr. Nú hefi ek ristit allra. Alfr var ok.
”Þórulfr made this church and Geirsteinn was (his) partner and Gunnarr, Víðarr, Eyvindr, Eiríkr, Gunnarr: now I have carved all. Alfr was also.”
þa^r e^r a^lr : sem unir : æiki er : sliht sem| |m(u)(n)(i)(r) (:) (þ)o^(r)þ(r) (:) (r)(æ)--t^ ^(r)ua^r +
Þar er allr sem unir, eigi er slíkt sem munir. Þórðr re[is]t rúnar.
”One feels complete where one feels satisfaction; nothing is comparable to desire. Þórðr carved runes.”
þeta hefir æyitr
Þetta hefir Eyvindr
”Eyvindr has this …”
uiþ aui {PI}
Víðar(?) Ave [Maria]. {Pa}[ter](?)
”Víðarr. Hail [Mary], (Our) Father(?)”
…
…
”…”
[+ þissa ⁓ kloko ⁓ leto ⁓ stæypæ a^luer ⁓ prest^r ⁓ i ⁓ sig(d)a^le ⁓ o^k ⁓ þr(d)^r ⁓ bo^n(d)e ⁓ a -a^uku(m) ⁓ st(æ)ypti ⁓ to^ue ⁓ þo^rr⁓so^(n)]
Þessa klokku létu steypa Ǫlvir prestr í Sigdali ok Þórðr bóndi á [H]augum, steypti Tófi Þórðarsonr.
”Ǫlvir, priest of Sigdalr and Þórðr, the husbandman of Haugar, had this bell cast. Tófi Þórðr's son cast (it).”
× laku
…
”…”
[sailgærþr hyilir her guþ gætie ¶ þina ¶ aslakr markaþi mik]
Salgerðr hvílir hér. Guð gæti þín-na. Áslakr markaði mik.
”Salgerðr rests here. God protect you. Áslakr marked me.”
gæirmuntr gerþe mik
Geirmundr gerði mik.
”Geirmundr made me.”
[⁓] þ(o)r(g)autr : fifil : m(i)k : g(e)rþ(e)
Þorgautr Fífill mik gerði.
”Þorgautr Dandelion made me.”
un þu m(e)r als kþrs
Unn þú mér alls góðs.
”Grant to me all good.”
ltlsssiiikutramsstltttll
…
”…”
haluoar ⁓ a mik
Hallvarðr á mik.
”Hallvarðr owns me.”
[iesus]
Jésús
”Jesus”
a^u^æ ⁓ maria ⁓ grakia ⁓
Ave Maria gratia
”Hail Mary, (full of) grace”
per ies
Per Jes[um].
”through Jesus.”
litiluism
…
”…”
a sikriʀ
Á Sigríðr.
”Sigríðr owns.”
§A aiiiiiiiiiiiiia/niiiiiiiiiiiiin §B ubi k
§A … §B Ubbi g[erði].
”§A … §B Ubbi made.”
auarþʀ faþi (u)lʀ
Hávarðr fáði hollr.
”Hávarðr Faithful coloured.”
auarþʀ faþi --lʀ
Hávarðr fáði …
”Hávarðr … coloured.”
irk^e
…
”…”
[+ aue : maria : gracia : plena : dominus : tecum : benedicta : tu : in : mulieribus : æ^þ : b : f : u : tui : {A}]
Ave Maria gratia plena. Dominus tecum, benedicta tu in mulieribus, et b[enedictus] f[ructus] v[entris] tui. {A[men]}.
”Hail Mary, full of grace. The Lord is with Thee: blessed art Thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb. {Amen}.”
[+ dehtera domini f^eck uirtutem dehtera domini ehlauit me dehtera]
Dextera Domini fecit virtutem, dextera Domini exaltavit me, dextera.
”The right hand of the Lord did mighty work, the right hand of the Lord raised me up, the right hand”
n hiukri(þ) u
… hjúkrið …
”… nurse! …”
[ko^ra ⁓ neris⁓sun ⁓ reist ⁓ mik]
Kári Neriðssonr reist mik.
”Kári Neriðr's son carved me.”
-m-rn/mmrn
…
”…”
ra^n^na^r : biskop : uigþi : kir:kiu : þessa : þa : fygþi : honom : fylgþi : þa : þorþr : ka^palæin ¶ ok : æina^r : na^fr : o^k þro^ntr : mo^kr : ok : þorstæin : ra^uþi : ok þo^nt^r : kin : o^k han : ræist : runa^r : þesar
Ragnarr biskup vígði kirkju þessa. Þá fýlgði honum, fylgði þá Þórðr kapaleinn ok Einarr Nafarr ok Þróndr munkr ok Þorsteinn Rauði ok Þróndr Kinn, ok hann reist rúnar þessar.
”Bishop Ragnarr dedicated this church. He was then assisted, then assisted by Þórðr the Chaplain and Einarr Nave-borer/Auger and Þróndr the monk and Þorsteinn Red and Þróndr Chin, and he carved these runes.”
…eta : er : guþas : hus · æk · guþ · blæsi · þan · er · gera · let · æk · sua · huæn · þan [·] som · up · hæl(t)(a)(r)
[Þ]etta er Guðs hús, ok Guð blezi þann er gera lét, ok svá hvern þann sem upp heldr.
”This is God's house and may God bless he who had (it) made and whosoever maintains (it).”
+ aslagr : pr(e)str · reit · runa^r þessa^r
Áslakr prestr reit rúnar þessar.
”Áslakr the priest wrote these runes.”
þostæin bengæir ræit runar þessar sutah þan er nesr net iolom
Þorsteinn Bengeirr reit rúnar þessar sunnudag þann, er næstr … jólum.
”Þorsteinn Sore-spear wrote these runes on the Sunday which is closest … Christmas.”
olafar -…lsr
Ólafr …
”Ólafr …”
…
…
”…”
… …aþr ræist runar þesar er hæitir kætil suæisun i aby + þormo^þr hilt mer meþan han mæirkti mik · kætil smiþr
[Sá(?) m]aðr reist rúnar þessar er heitir Ketill Sveinssonr í Ábý. Þormóðr helt mér, meðan hann merkti mik. Ketill Smiðr.
”That man carved these runes who is called Ketill Sveinn's son of Ábýr. Þormóðr held me while he marked me. Ketill the smith.”
hæila se a^þ uote
Hella sé at vátti.
”Rock-slab be as witness!”
§A iotna sk… §B tr
§A Jǫtna … §B Dr[óttinn](?)
”§A giants(') … §B Lord(?)”
+ o^kmole : ræisl ru^na^r þesa^r - u^k biþr þø^rs a^lma^ka^n kuþ ⁓ at ha^n ta^ke ⁓ ¶ uiþr s-l kamas : er þesse slæin tikr ibir +
Ǫgmundr reist rúnar þessar, ok biðr þess almátkan Guð, at hann taki viðr s[á]l Gamals, er þessi steinn liggr yfir.
”Ǫgmundr carved these runes, and prays to the almighty God that he receive the soul of Gamall, whom this stone lies over.”
+ unnulfer perþ(e) kloko þe(s)sa :
Unnulfr gerði klokku þessa.
”Unnulfr made this bell.”
a-r--s ⁓ ræse runar þesar um| |meærþi ⁓ þeta it fysta purþari(a)n ⁓ muþ --
A[nd]r[é]s(?) reist rúnar þessar ok gerði þetta it fyrsta hurðarjarn. Guð(?)/Guði(?) …
”Andrés(?) carved these runes and made this, the first door-hinge. God (be praised?) …”
§A × þorolr × rit × ¶ sa skal × raþa × ru--(r) … §B þorolr storols…
§A Þórulfr reit. Sá skal ráða rú[na]r … §B Þórulfr Stórulfss[onr]
”§A Þórulfr wrote. He shall interpret (the) runes … §B Þórulfr Stórulfssonr”
[her : huilir : pet^r : prest^r :+]
Hér hvílir Pétr prestr.
”Here rests Pétr the priest.”
knubr × reist (×) stein (×) þena (×) sunr (·) þorleis (·) sunr …
Gnúpr reisti stein þenna, sonr Þorleifs, sonar …
”Gnúpr, son of Þorleifr, son of … raised this stone.”
arnk^airs × sunir × ris-u × elu þesa × (e)(f)(t)ir × þiuþulb × (b)roþor koþmontr × rist × runar × þesar (a)uk × þeir × onlo(t)r mrs--
Arngeirs synir reis[t]u hellu þessa eptir Þjóðulf bróður. Guðmundr reist rúnar þessar ok þeir Ǫndóttr mœrs[ki](?).
”Arngeirr's sons raised this rock-slab in memory of Þjóðulfr, (their) brother. Guðmundr carved these runes, he and Ǫndóttr from Mœri(?).”
---r · (o)(n) · (g)ripr · (g)unar
… Ánn(?)/Ónn(?), Grípr, Gunnarr.
”… Ánn(?)/Ónn(?), Grípr, Gunnarr.”
ru(n)(a)r …
Rúnar …
”Runes …”
… ¶ …llllliiiii fuþ(o)r(k)(h)… …
… … <fuþorkh…> …
”… <fuþorkh…> …”
------sb-------------------(h)us---u---n
…
”…”
þesar runar ræist uistæin hæil ea en ræist øuk su^a ba sa in r(æ)þar
Þessar rúnar reist Vésteinn. Heill sá en reist, ok svá bæði sá en ræðr.
”Vésteinn carved these runes. Hail both he who carved, and he who interprets (the runes).”
⁓ sigurþr ⁓ ialssun : ræist : runar : þesar : lo^uga^r:dagen : æftir : botolfs:mæso : e^r : a^n : flyþi : higat : o^k · uildi : æigi : ga^ga : til · sæta^r : uiþ : su^ærri : fo^þ^ur:bana : sin : o^k : brøþra :⁓
Sigurðr Jarlssonr reist rúnar þessar laugardaginn eptir Bótulfsmessu, er hann flýði hingat ok vildi eigi ganga til sættar við Sverri fǫðurbana sinn ok brœðra.
”Sigurðr Jarl's son carved these runes on the Saturday after Bótulfr's-mass when he fled here and did not want to undergo reconciliation with Sverrir, the slayer of his father and brothers.”
… h-lu-rþr · krenske · ræist uinar þesr · sæl er · sa er sui(k)(i) · -(f)yla · so^rh · r(e)ika^r · tohe · græitis · sot · at · kæte · ge^lt^r æiþa^r · þæs · (a)^lt^ri · era · fenbra^uhþum · flahþa · fa^lner · niþr · meþ · a^ulu · ha^uka^r · ba^lts · a^uk · ha^lta · huhstriþi · byr·…
… H[a]llv[a]rðr Grenski reist rúnar þessar. Sæll er, sá er svíki, fýla, sorg á reikar torgi Grettis sótt at gæti, geldr eiðar þess aldri. Er-a feiknbrǫgðum flagða fallnir niðr með ǫllu haukar Baldrs, ok halda hugstríði byr[skíða].
”… Hallvarðr from Grenland (lower Telemark) carved these runes. Never is he fortunate, the brute who betrays: (he can) expect to get sorrow on the hair-part's turf (ie on his head); (he will) pay for this (broken) oath. The breeze-blown skis ( = ships) of Baldr's hawks ( = the warriors) (ie the sea-warriors) are not all felled through the baleful deeds of ogresses, and (they) hold the memory of battle.”
⁓ þæsse : kirka : æ^r (:) uig^d (:) sa(k)^t(s) (:) (o)l(a)^u(e) (:) ko(n)o^g(e)
Þessi kirkja er vígð Sanctus Ólafi konungi.
”This church is dedicated to Saint Ólafr the King.”
§A math(e)us §B lukas §C mar(k)us §D ioh(a)(n)(n)(e)s
§A Matthæus §B Lucas §C Marcus §D Johannes
”§A Matthew §B Luke §C Mark §D John”
[mi(:)m æ(:)lifu : neta^r : til : botolps:søku : (o)ltiþ s a]
Mem[orandum]: Ellifu nætr til Bótulfsvǫku ártíð S[…] A[…].
”Memorandum: eleven nights until Bótulfrs-vigil, S-… A-…'s anniversary-of-death.”
[⁓ h(e)^r : likar ⁓ þors-ouar ⁓ þnr…iun]
Hér liggr Þor… …
”Here lies Þor-… …”
[arnæ]
Árni
”Árni”
[olai]
…
”…”
ane þostæisun (k)æirþi mik : en halæikr kæutasun a mik ¶ hæilum hotom kere han soa : þeta oar : ristit koal suta nar koalt
Árni Þorsteinssonr gerði mik, en Háleikr Gautasonr á mik. Heilum hǫndum geri hann svá. Þetta var ristit … sunnudag nær kveldi.
”Árni Þorsteinn's son made me and Háleikr Gautr's son owns me. Thus he did with healthy hands. This was carved … Sunday towards evening.”
hake ⁓ beanar⁓sun ⁓ a mik ⁓ suæn ⁓ os-(u)-dar⁓sun ⁓ slo ⁓ mik ⁓ osofar ⁓ ræs⁓t ⁓ mik ⁓ auk ⁓ læiste ⁓ oþesndhen ⁓ nesta ⁓ eptir ⁓ olafs⁓foku ⁓ a seta ⁓ are ⁓ rikes ⁓ f(o)s ⁓ firþulhs ⁓ hæra ⁓ mahnusar ⁓ norihs ⁓ konohs
Haki Bjarnarsonr á mik. Sveinn Ás[m]u[n]darsonr sló mik. Ásulfr reist mik ok læsti óðinsdaginn næsta eptir Ólafsvǫku á sétta ári ríkis várs virðulegs herra Magnúsar, Noregs konungs.
”Haki Bjǫrn's son owns me, Sveinn Ásmundr's son hammered me, Ásulfr carved and read me on the first Wednesday after Ólafr's-vigil in the sixth year of the reign of our worthy Sire Magnús, King of Norway.”
[… : reisti : stein : þe(n)(a) : e(f)(t)ir : (h)(i)k…]
… reisti stein þenna eptir …
”… raised this stone in memory of …”
her li(k)(a)r þ(o)læfar sun (k)[una(s) (a) birt- +]
Hér liggr Þorleifr, sonr Gunnars(?) á Birt[i](?).
”here lies Þorleifr, son of Gunnarr(?) of Birti(?).”
fuþorkhniastlbmy ¶ ⁓⁓ þeir ⁓ gærþo ⁓ runar þæsar ¶ finr ⁓ auk olafr
<fuþorkhniastlbmy> Þeir gerðu rúnar þessar, Finnr ok Ólafr.
”<fuþorkhniastlbmy> They made these runes, Finnr and Ólafr.”
o^not^r : a mik : a ho^no^m
Ǫnundr á mik á Hornum.
”Ǫnundr of Hornar owns me.”
arn×[stin] × risti × stin × þi[na] × iftir × bior × [s]un × sin × [sa × uar] tuþr × i liþi × þ[(o)s × knutr soti × iklot +] ¶ × in is ko[þ]
Arnsteinn reisti stein þenna eptir Bjór, son sinn. Sá varð dauðr í liði, þá's Knútr sótti England. Einn er Guð.
”Arnsteinn raised this stone in memory of Bjórr his son who died in the retinue when Knútr attacked England. God is one.”
[+ kuþ hiabi s(a)l ma(h)niltar]
Guð hjalpi sál Magnhildar.
”May God help Magnhildr's soul.”
[þo(l)afr : s(t)a(l)a : sunr rasti : stain : aftir (o)laf : il(o)nssun (o) (b)uk(l)onti :]
Þorlafr Stála sonr reisti stein eptir Ólaf Erlendsson á Bygglandi.
”Þorlafr Stáli's son raised (the) stone in memory of Ólafr of Byggland, Erlendr's son.”
ialbi koþ onto -…
Hjalpi Guð ǫndu …
”May God help (his) spirit …”
kunitr : kerþ snalt :
Gunnhildr gerði snáld.
”Gunnhildr made the spindle-whorl.”
kun^nar girþi mik hlhi a mik
Gunnarr gerði mik. Helgi á mik.
”Gunnarr made me. Helgi owns me.”
ra raist
Hreiðarr(?) reist.
”Hreiðarr(?) carved.”
ek uilta kusa may þ(a) er fahst er i^ ^þ^haiminum
Ek vilda kjósa mey, þá er fegrst er í Þursheiminum(?).
”I wanted to choose the maid who is the fairest in the home of the giants(?).”
k(u)na^(r) h…
Gunnarr …
”Gunnarr …”
kuni
Gunni
”Gunni”
þer er huit haur
Þér er hvíld hǫrð.
”Rest is hard for you.”
--r----------(r)---------h--
…
”…”
--þ------e---(m)…
…
”…”
uifil bo hir
Vifill bjó hér.
”Vifill lived here”
ai-----
…
”…”
s þ
S[almundr](?) Þ[orgeirssonr](?)
”Salmundr(?) Þorgeirr's(?) son”
fuþorkhniastblmøæ hi
<fuþorkhniastblmøæ> …
”<fuþorkhniastblmøæ> …”
fuþorkhniastbm-
<fuþorkhniastbm>
”<fuþorkhniastbm->”
fuþorkhniastblmæø
<fuþorkhniastblmæø>
”<fuþorkhniastblmæø>”
fuþor
<fuþor[k]>
”<fuþork>”
fuþ
<fuþ[ork]>
”<fuþork>”
-…or-…
…
”…”
fuþ(o)rkhn
<fuþorkhn[ias]>
”<fuþorkhnias>”
(þ)---(a)r--n--- ⁓ ---(s)--þ ⁓ þitak-rtu ⁓ in kunar ⁓ (r)(a)---- ⁓ s-a-- ⁓ þono (b)ru(þ)ur sin
… … <þitak-rtu> en Gunnarr re[isti] s[t]e[in] þenna [at] bróður sinn.
”… <þitak-rtu> and Gunnarr raised this stone [in memory of] their brother.”
a(f)t þuri niriþs| |sun is| |stain sa
Ept Þóri Neriðs son er steinn sá.
”This stone is in memory of Þóri Neriðr's son.”
× aʀintr × karþi × kirkiu × þesa × kosunr × olafs × hins × hala × a oþali × sinu ×
Eyvindr gerði kirkju þessa, goðsonr Ólafs hins Hála/Halla/Helga, á óðali sínu.
”Eyvindr, godson of Ólafr the Slippery/Crooked/Holy made this church on his allodial land.”
auintr : risti : stin : þina aftir : kunuat : sun sn
Eyvindr reisti stein þenna eptir Gunnhvat/Gunnvald, son sinn.
”Eyvindr raised this stone in memory of Gunnhvatr/Gunnvaldr, his son.”
her skipter : mørkone
Hér skiptir mǫrkunni.
”(This) divides here the (outlying-)forests.”
ranuauk : raisti : stain : aftir : akmunt hrabisun : uar sin : skokr : b[arþi]
Rannveig reisti stein eptir Ǫgmund Hreppisson, ver sinn. Skógr barði.
”Rannveig raised the stone in memory of Ǫgmundr Hreppir's son, her husband. Skógr struck (the runes).”
rist : (a)inriþi (:) (a)t [:] u(s)tæn (:)
Reist Einriði at Eystein.
”Einriði carved in memory of Eysteinn.”
[gunr : rioas:sun : ligr : hr]
Gunnarr Bjǫrnssonr(?) liggr hér.
”Gunnarr Bjǫrn's(?) son lies here.”
§A [pkrus ⁓ paullus : an(t)ræas markus : maria ⁓ mathius uukis : iohannisi t(æ)tra⁓krama⁓ton ⁓ ag(l)a ⁓ akios ⁓ annail ⁓ missæai ⁓ iesuk ⁓ gristi ⁓ gu…] §B [maria s m · hila ⁓ iesus ⁓ krists ⁓ tit(r) hakon]
§A Petrus, Paulus, Andreas, Marcus, Maria, Matthæus, Lucas, Johannes, Tetragrammaton, Agla, Agios, <annail>, Messias, Jesus, Kristus, Gu[ð]. §B María s[æl] m[ær] helga. Jésús Kristus. Tetr[agrammaton]. Hákon.
”§A Peter, Paul, Andrew, Mark, Mary, Matthew, Luke, John, Tetragrammaton, 'agla' (= Thou art strong in eternity, Lord), holy, Emmanuel?/Adonai? (Lord), Messiah, Jesus Christ, God. §B Fortunate Mary, the holy maiden. Jesus Christ. Tetragrammaton. Hákon.”
… risti stin þina
… reisti stein þenna.
”… raised this stone”
[ra^ngn(e) (s)]
Ragni(?) s[acerdos](?)
”Ragni(?) the priest(?).”
[ranu^aig]
Rannveig
”Rannveig.”
[ilþa]
…
”…”
l(i)k(i) (m)unu l(i)fa (:) hn(t)a
Lengi munu lífa hegna(?).
”Long may (they) live, defend!(?)”
… …i : staina : þis(a) ¶ haftir : --…
… [reist]i steina þessa eptir …
”… raised these stones in memory of …”
§A kautr : r(b)[isti ⁓ stan ⁓ þa^na :] §B (+) aft : staina(r) [⁓ bruþur : sin × in ⁓ ulfrikr ⁓] §A [srkþukr k]
§A Gautr reisti stein þenna §B ept Steinar, bróður sinn. En Ulfríkr §A sorgþungr g[erði].
”§A Gautr raised this stone §B in memory of Steinarr, his brother. And Ulfríkr §A the Sorrow-stricken made.”
biorn : kl(a)… … …ruþur : sin +
Bjǫrn … … [b]róður sinn.
”Bjǫrn … his brother.”
§A þurir : harþar:sunr : raisti : stain : þina : ¶ aft : oskarþi : kuon : sina : (t)u(t)ur : kunars (:) §B bruþur : halka : o : klabi +
§A Þórir Harðarsonr reisti stein þenna ept Ásgerði, kván sína, dóttur Gunnars, §B bróður Helga á Kleppi.
”§A Þórir Harðr's son raised this stone in memory of his wife Ásgerðr, daughter of Gunnarr §B (the) brother of Helgi of Kleppr.”
(h)iþi(n) (:) … bau(þ)… …
Heðinn … Bǫð[var] …
”Heðinn … Bǫðvarr …”
[artiþ : er ⁓ ikibrha^r : kara:totr : þru : nom : æpter : krosmesst : um · uarst ¶ + huær (:) sa : maþ-r ⁓ runar : þec : sar : þa : sy-e : bater : no-ter : fyrer : søl : heþnar : haalbe ⁓ kuþ : þæim : er : suæ : kerer]
Ártíð er Ingibjargar Káradóttur þrim nóttum eptir krossmessu um várit. Hverr sá maðr rúnar þessar sér, þá sy[ng]i Pater no[s]ter fyrir sál hennar. Hjalpi Guð þeim er svá gerir.
”Ingibjǫrg Kári's daughter's anniversary-of-death is three nights after Cross-mass in spring. Whoever the man who sees these runes may be, may he sing Our Father for her soul. May God help him who does thus.”
hailki ⁓ rais(t)(i) (s)(t)(a)in þon ⁓ aft kaitil bruþur sin
Helgi reisti stein þann ept Ketil, bróður sinn.
”Helgi raised this stone in memory of his brother Ketill.”
fuþorkhniasl-…
<fuþorkhniast[bmly]>
”<fuþorkhniastbmly>”
§A arnktil : kita : rit : runar §B auktktil kkka^r : iitb/iito runa-
§A Arnketill Gedda/Ketta reit rúnar. §B … … … …
”§A Arnketill Pike / Tabby-cat wrote runes §B …”
+ artiþa(:)t(a)hr : s(t)(æ)ins … ¶ + suæins : er : siøu notom æft[ir ⁓ høl-…]
Ártíðadagr Steins … <suæins> er sjau nóttum eptir Hel[gramessu].
”Steinn's anniversary-of-death-day … <suæins> is seven nights after All-hallows mass.”
§A [+ kyþa : a^ntaþish : tu]æm natum [fyrir :] ka-[ntaha · rlo : ahmutr] §B [+ st-…n (:) antaþesk (:) æi]ni ⁓ not ⁓ æftir [× bøn…us⁓mæsu] §C [þo--io… htaiask : tio þiom · farir ol^u ×]
§A Gyða andaðisk tveim nóttum fyrir gangdag … Ǫgmundr. §B St[einu]nn(?) andaðisk einni nátt eptir Ben[edikt]usmessu §C … andaðisk tíu nóttum(?) fyrir Ól[afs]v[ǫku].
”§A Gyða met her end two nights before Rogation day … Ǫgmundr §B Steinunn met her end one night after Benediktus-mass §C … met her end ten nights before Ólafr's-vigil.”
§A … …ina : ok (l)… (þ)ena §B …(t) : ker(a) …
§A … [ste]ina ok … þenna §B [lé]t gera …
”§A … stones and … this §B had made …”
+ a(r)(t)iþ : (a)nbiarnar :
Ártíð Arnbjarnar.
”Arnbjǫrn's anniversary-of-death.”
sikriþ : antaþisk fim notom fʀri botolf…
Sigríðr andaðist fimm nóttum fyrir Bótulf…
”Sigríðr met her end five nights before Bótulfr's(-mass) …”
§A (m)a(l)(i) : es : a : s(t)ain(i) : þesu(m) : a- … §B uorb ⁓ likia : hol(f) : til -… §C : at : aign : auk : at : oþli : (e)- : --
§A Máli er á steini þessum, a[t] … §B vǫrp liggja hǫlf til … §C at eign ok at óðli … …
”§A The agreement on this stone is, that … §B half of the warping-line lie to … §C as property and as allodial land …”
§A [u(n) ri(s)(t)i : s(t)in þinsi : iftir ¶ : al : b----- ma : sin : ulf(r)k(r) : -iu] §B [+ (h)ialbi : kuþ : sal : þ(i)- ¶ ra(þ) rt]
§A Ónn reisti stein þenna eptir <al> … mág sinn. Ulfríkr [h]jó. §B Hjalpi Guð sál þi[nni](?). Ráð rétt.
”§A Ónn raised this stone in memory of <al> … his kinsman-by-marriage. Ulfríkr cut (the runes). §B May God help your soul(?). Rightly interpret.”
[… …i(s)t run(a)r (þ)isar · u(n) · … · su(n) (a)(f)t …]
… [re]ist rúnar þessar Ónn(?) … son ept …
”… Ónn … son carved these runes in memory of …”
þur(b)(i)(u)(r)(n) : skalt : ra(i)sti s(t)n (þ)(o)n(a) aft : s(o)i-⁓þuri : sun : sin : is o : (t)on(m)arku (:) (f)il
Þorbjǫrn Skald reisti stein þenna ept <soi->þóri, son sinn, er á Danmǫrku fell.
”Þorbjǫrn Skald raised this stone in memory of <soi->þórir, his son, who fell in Denmark.”
+ artiþa:tahr : biarnar : ulfkæis:sunar : ¶ er : tuæim : notom : fyrer : mario:… ¶ stæin
Ártíðadagr Bjarnar Ulfgeirssonar er tveim nóttum fyrir Maríu[messu]. Steinn.
”The day of the anniversary-of-death of Bjǫrn Ulfgeirr's son is two nights before Mary's [mass]. Steinn …”
[…þursin]
…
”…”
…
…
”…”
[…]
…
”…”
× skarþi : risti : stin : þana : iftir :: biafa : sun : sin : harþa : kuþan : man :
Skarði reisti stein þenna eptir Bjalfa, son sinn, harða góðan mann.
”Skarði raised this stone in memory of Bjalfi, his son, a very good man.”
þurmuþr · risti : stin : þono aft : þrunt : sun sin
Þormóðr reisti stein þenna ept Þrónd, son sinn.
”Þormóðr raised this stone in memory of Þróndr, his son.”
hans
…
”…”
-(l)(h)usmin ræisto stæin þana æf(t)ir skarþ^a (:) (æ)(n) (:) þæir tr(u)(k)(o) ¶ -rfi hans
[Ǫ]lhúsmenn reistu stein þenna eptir Skarða, en þeir drukku [e]rfi hans
”The drinking-companions raised this stone in memory of Skarði when they drank his funeral-feast.”
§A + esse krucem tomini fugite pa^rtes atu^erse : uicit leo · de tribu iuta ratiks ta^uit §B kuatuo^r grana : in penta^lum : kuo (f)on… …-i aa^ro^n · iessus · kristus §C ma^rikus ma^þeus lukas ioh--hannes §D tetragramato^n ⁓ atpha e^t o ⁓
§A Ecce crucem Domini, fugite partes adversæ. Vicit leo de tribu Juda, radix David. §B Quatuor grammis in petalon quo fron[te tul]it Aaron, Jesus Christus. §C Marcus, Matthæus, Lucas, Johannes. §D Tetragrammaton. Alpha et O[mega].
”§A Behold the cross of the Lord; flee, you hostile powers. The lion of the tribe of Juda, the root of David, has conquered. §B Four letters on the forehead-plate that Aaron bore on his forehead, Jesus Christ. §C Mark, Matthew, Luke, John. §D Tetragrammaton. Alpha and Omega.”
× k(o)^lbiørn : het ma^þ(r) : (e)(r) (b)(i)(o)(k)e : her
Kolbjǫrn hét maðr er bjó hér.
”The man who lived here was called Kolbjǫrn.”
[ø^yulfr r r]
Eyjulfr r[eist] r[únar].
”Eyjulfr carved runes.”
× katil : raisti : stain : þina : haftir : iuruni : kunu : sina : tutur : uþurm
Ketill reisti stein þenna eptir Jórunni, konu sína, dóttur Úþyrm[is](?).
”Ketill raised this stone in memory of Jórunn, his wife, Úþyrmir's(?) daughter.”
al(f)---ir : (b)r(i)str : raisti : stain : þina : aft : arlik ¶ trot(i)n : (s)(i)(n) : -(s)-(i)(n)(u)(a)s : --(a)--(n)-------- : (i)s (h)an (:) (b)ar(i)þ¶is(k) : uiþ ¶ ol(a)if
<alf---ir> prestr reisti stein þenna ept Erling dróttin sinn <-s-inuas> …, er hann barðisk við Óleif.
”<alf---ir> the priest raised this stone in memory of his lord Erlingr … when he fought with Óleifr.”
… …luarc ⁓ er : æine : not :: æfter : ¶ … …hra : mæso:tah : bruse : ræist :
[Ártíð Ha]llvarðs er eini nótt eptir [Allra heila]gra messudag. Brúsi reist.
”Hallvarðr's anniversary-of-death is one night after All-hallows mass-day. Brúsi carved.”
-imu(n) : prester : læ(t) : (b)e… … …sso
[S]ímun prestr lét be[rja](?) … [me]ssu.
”Símun the priest had (me) struck(?) … mass.”
aʀt/aa^nt
…
”…”
[⁓ aotam ⁓⁓ biku ⁓+⁓ euæ ⁓⁓ kaim]
Adam, <biku>, Eva, Kain.
”Adam … Eve, Cain.”
[⁓ addam ⁓ bi ⁓ gus ⁓+⁓ eu(a) ⁓ kaim]
Adam, <bi> <gus>, Eva, Kain.
§A … uiþ : a^nlat : sit ⁓ -… §B …es ⁓ kirkio : þæsse · til : ke^rþa^r … §C …t(e) : til : uista^r : ua^l-… §D … …l : dyrþa^r : o^uk : ga^f : til : se^gs : …
§A … við andlát sitt … §B … kirkju þessi til gerðar … §C … til vistar … §D … [ti]l dýrðar ok gaf til sex …
”§A … at his demise … §B … to the making of this church … §C … to provision … §D … to magnificence, and gave six to …”
þessa^r : runar : reist : eind^riþ(i) : prest^r : io^ns:so^n : o^k : b(i)(þ)(i)t : fyr(i)r : mik
Þessar rúnar reist Eindriði prestr Jónssonr, ok biðið fyrir mik.
”Eindriði Jón's son the priest carved these runes and prayed for me.”
(×) (þ)(u)(r)(m)(u)(þ)[r : auk] (:) (þ)(u)(r)(k)(a)(r)þ(r) : (r)-is-u : s(t)ain : [þi(n)(a) a(f)tir k(a)u…]
Þormóðr ok Þorgarðr/Þorgerðr r[e]is[t]u stein þenna eptir Gau[t].
”Þormóðr and Þorgarðr/Þorgerðr raised this stone in memory of Gautr.”
§A soenki × resti × sten × þena × §B … (þ)ront × boroþur × sin ×
§A Sveinki reisti stein þenna §B [eptir] Þrónd, bróður sinn.
”§A Sveinki raised this stone §B in memory of Þróndr, his brother.”
[artiþa^rtahe^r osolfs a hælhalante ⁓ e^r feo^ro^u no]…m æfte^r halua^rs⁓m(æ)…
Ártíðardagr Ásulfs á Helgalandi er fjórum nó[ttu]m eptir Hallvarðsme[ssu].
”Ásulfr of Helgaland's anniversary-of-death-day is four nights after St. Hallvarðr's mass. [St. Hallvarðr's mass = 15 May]”
§A adonai in : ici §B k-a^n krtto §C m a^b li i
§A Adonai … ecce §B … credo §C M[atthæus](?) ap[ostolus](?) L[ucas](?) J[ohannes](?)
”§A Adonai (Lord) … behold §B … Credo. §C Matthew, the apostle, Luke, John.”
§B … m s a krtto
§B [Sancte](?) M[ichael](?) s[uscipe](?) a[nimam](?) credo
”§B Saint Michael receive my/his/her soul. Credo.”
§A i--^khitdiush §B ba^kmik §C kr{U} §D … §E … §F serbens a^ri(e)s leo §G ue^rmis §H a^reto^n §I {OLAUUS} §K {JHVH}
§A … §B … §C crux(?) §D … §E … §F serpens, aries, leo, §G vermis §H arreton §I {Olaus} §K {Jehovah}
”§A … §B … §C cross(?) §D … §E … §F serpent, ram, lion, §G worm §H Arreton (divine) §I Olaus §K Jehovah”
§B ba^kmsk
§B …
”§B …”
§A [biþer : kiþi-] §B + biþir firir · sial · [ranuils ·+]
§A Biðið fyri[r] §B Biðið fyrir sál Randviðs(?).
”§A Pray for §B Pray for Randviðr's(?) soul.”
§B + biþir firir · sial · [ransual a^u-]
§B Biðið fyrir sál Ragnvalds …
”§B Pray for Ragnvaldr's soul …”
fr · gregorius
fr[ater] Gregorius
”Brother Gregorius”
[kuiaæ iariu nisir]
Mikjáll(?) Maríu næstr.
”Michael next (after) Mary.”
-- (:) (t)-----f-k---(u)a^k(a)(l)--(a)u(a)
… …
”…”
suæin {P}res{T}r : {LET} br-- mik
Sveinn {p}res{t}r {lét} ber[ja] mik.
”Sveinn the priest had me struck.”
§A …gr ⁓ erlin… ¶ …e hans §B …ghr ⁓ e… ¶ …on ⁓ k-e…
§A [Ártíðarda]gr Erlin[gs] … hans §B [Ártíðarda]gr(?) E[rlings] … …
”§A Erlingr's day of anniversary-of death … his §B Erlingr's day of anniversary-of-death …”
§A ha^ra^lr §B ko^n^u^nkr leifr §C ur
§A Haraldr §B konungr Leifr §C …
”§A Haraldr §B King Leifr §C …”
§A + arlantr : ris(t) : runar : þisa(r) §B + aftir : alui : faþur (+)
§A Erlendr reist rúnar þessar §B eptir Ǫlvi fǫður.
”§A Erlendr carved these runes §B in memory of Ǫlvir, (his) father.”
ketil : seti : stein : þena : ebtir/eptir : fin : mak : sin
Ketill setti stein þenna eptir Finn, mág sinn.
”Ketill placed this stone in memory of Finnr, his kinsman-by-marriage.”
× þormoþr : r(a)isti : st(a)in : þ(a)na :× aftir : þormoþ (:) suiþanta : foþur sin (×)
Þormóðr reisti stein þenna eptir Þormóð Svíðanda/Sviðanda, fǫður sinn.
”Þormóðr raised this stone in memory of Þormóðr the Stinging /(Earth-)Scorcher, his father.”
ormo^r gun:ilta^rsun (g)ær(i) mæk
Ormr Gunnhildarsonr gerði mik.
”Ormr Gunnhildr's son made me.”
§A [a^f · uilirr ⁓] §B [ka^rtur ⁓ o^mmunt…r⁓(s)]
§A Hér(?) hvílir §B Garðr Ǫgmundars[onr].
”§A Here(?) rests §B Garðr Ǫgmundr's son.”
østæin baþ þæs (a)t þæna stæin sky^lti læ-… …
Eysteinn bað þess at þenna stein skyldi le[ggja] …
”Eysteinn ordered that this stone should be laid …”
[+ tn ⁓ artiþ : æikibiarkrar ⁓ ir ⁓ þrimr ⁓ iattim ¶ firæ ⁓ mariu⁓messo ⁓ i ⁓ kostu]
… Ártíð Ingibjargar er þrimr nóttum(?) fyrir Maríumessu í fǫstu.
”… Ingibjǫrg's anniversary-of-death is three nights before Mary's-mass in Lent.”
mar(k)(u)(s) markþi
Markús markaði.
”Markús marked.”
[+ ir]tiþ æiriks er · þa : er fim no--- er -…--
Ártíð Eiriks er þá er fimm nó[ttum] er …
”Eirikr's anniversary-of-death is when it is five nights …”
[+ …eþ hui--- ma^rkuæia]
[H]ér hví[lir] Margréta(?).
”Here rests Margréta(?).”
[+ …riahp · ioru---r -- m-----k noiam æ(p)tir brþt- ·]
[Ártíða]rdagr Jǫru[nda]r [er] … nóttum eptir Barthol[omeusmessu](?).
”The day of Jǫrundr's anniversary-of-death is … nights after Bartholomew-mass(?).”
t ou^arkar × karþir × is × kuinn×(k)… …
… Áverkar kærðir, er kvenng[rið eru].
”… Bodily harm (will be) charged where woman's inviolability (is threatened).”
sikat ' … … ni × uritar × uritar × uilki × …
Sé'k-at … … né úréttar, úréttar vilgi …
”I do not see … nor wrong, absolutely not wrong …”
…
…
”…”
§A + þo^r(b)erker ⁓ erlens⁓son … §B …nuo^ru ⁓ ko^no ⁓ sna §A ⁓ þri⁓m nottom ⁓ æftir ⁓ b(o)… … §B …(r)ar : en fi(þ)r gerþi +
§A Þorbergr Erlendssonr … §B [Gu]nnvǫru, konu sína. §A Þrim nóttum eptir Bó[tulfsmessu](?) … §B [Gunnva]rar. En Finnr gerði.
”§A Þorbergr Erlendr's son … §B Gunnvǫr, his wife. §A Three nights after Bótulfr's-mass(?) … §B Gunnvǫr. But Finnr made.”
uikigr-
Víkingr
”Víkingr.”
§A (t)rotin^n : um a^lla : fram ⁓ o^k þu styrk : mik : til a^l^lra go^þra : lut… §B …otin^n : iis⁓us krist^ur ⁓ sa (i)r bæþe : er guþ o^k : maþa^r : høyr : a^kal^l mit : -… §C … þik : o^k biþia mer : miskuna^r : uiþa^r : þi(k) o^k ma^riu (:) mo^þ(o)(r)
§A Dróttinn um alla fram! Ok þú styrk mik til allra góðra hlut[a]. §B [Dr]óttinn Jésús Kristr, sá er bæði er guð ok maðr, heyr ákall mitt … §C … þik ok biðja mér miskunnar viðr þik ok Maríu, móður.
”§A Lord above all! and You strengthen me for every good lot. §B Lord Jesus Christ, who is both God and man, hear my invocation … §C … You and pray for mercy for me from You and Mary, (Your) mother.”
§A × rani × §B fuþorkhniast
§A Hrani §B <fuþorkhniast[bmly]>
”§A Hrani §B <fuþorkhniastbmly>”
§A hagon ræist mig o^g en suæinen a mig §B ba^rþ a mæ(g) mart a fa^n n þææm er ræist mig
§A Hákon reist mik, ok en sveinninn á mik. §B Bárðr á mik. Mart at(?) fann [ha]nn(?) þeim er reist mik.
”§A Hákon carved me, but the lad owns me. §B Bárðr owns me. He found much to put upon him(?) who carved me.”
fuþo
<fuþo[rk]>
”<fuþork>”
§A isakr þor(e)-r a mik i ro^ni §B -- §C isakr §D fuþorkhnisa
§A Ísakr. Þórir á mik í Rónni. §B … §C Ísakr §D <fuþorkhnisa>
”§A Ísakr. Þórir in Róin(?) owns me. §B … §C Ísakr §D <fuþorkhnisa>”
fuþor
<fuþor[k]>
”<fuþork>”
-(o)(k)(k)(f)(a)---æ(f)-/-(o)(k)i(m)(a)---æ(g)
…
”…”
[orm : iati : iþ : k(l)þri : þisu : (þ)ah : þorra : k-]
… … … … … … … …
”…”
her : nid^ri ⁓ firir ⁓ huilir ⁓ iumfru ⁓ ma^rgretta ⁓ bidir ⁓ pate^r ⁓ nosd^e^r ⁓ firir ⁓ henna^r : saal ⁓
Hér niðri fyrir hvílir jumfrú Margréta. Biðið Pater noster fyrir hennar sál.
”Here below rests the virgin Margréta. Pray Our Father for her soul.”
ilo u(e)n(:)r tuan þr hulf oisk ⁓ ok fpkl þr t(e)k þo(g)u
Illu vinnr dúfan þar hvolf óisk ok fugl þar tekr þoku.
”The dove resists evil where he fears (the sky's) vault, and the bird there takes shelter.”
hip---
…
”…”
… …(a)isti : kumlu : þita : af(t)… …
… [r]eisti kuml þetta ept[ir] …
”… raised this monument in memory of …”
§A pa^l æi(n)(a)^(r)so^n : ræist : run(a)^(r) (:) þæs… §B … stæin þæna æ(f)tir …
§A Páll Einarssonr reist rúnar þess[ar] §B … stein þenna eptir …
”§A Páll Einarr's son carved these runes §B … this stone in memory of …”
[ba^l ræist runa^r þesar um þrilri/þrilrk]
Páll reist rúnar þessar um Þrining(?).
”Páll carved these runes at (the time of the) Trinity(?).”
§A {A ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQR} §B {STVXYZ AMOR VINI OOM} §C {CD…AB} §D a ' f…
§A {… <abcdefghiklmnopqr>} §B {<stvyz> Amor vincit(?) omnia(?)} §C {…} §D … …
”§A … abcdefghiklmnopqr §B <stvyz> Love conquers all §C … §D …”
hika ihkiporh (þ)
Helga(?), Ingibjǫrg …
”Helga,/Holy(?) Ingibjǫrg …”
askautr
Ásgautr
”Ásgautr”
alf^a e^t …
Alpha et [Omega].
”Alpha and Omega.”
aue maria gracia btena dominus lecum benedicla lu in mutie
Ave Maria gratia plena. Dominus tecum, benedicta tu in mulie[ribus].
”Hail Mary, full of grace. The Lord is with Thee: blessed art Thou among women.”
kuþ
Guð
”God”
(t)r(o)ten min ty mer til þes at ek fa bet^ra
Dróttinn minn, tý mér til þess at ek fá betra.
”My Lord, assist me so that it gets better for me.”
mai/ma(n)
…
”…”
mai --
… …
”…”
nikol(a)^uc ⁓ -------- ⁓ (p)rec(b)iter ⁓ in : lerþal +
Nikolaus … presbyter in Lerdal.
”Nikolaus … Minister in Leradalr.”
nieu kri
… …
”…”
sa^nkte : nikula^us : kirkia
Sancti Nikulás kirkja.
”Saint Nikulás' church.”
i : my/m<n>
… …
”…”
h…esk : dy…
… …
”…”
…er er ioron : ia^rþaþ
[H]ér er Jórunn jǫrðuð.
”Jórunn is interred here.”
--(u)(k)-(ø)mr · huh-r · se(n)(d)ir · uin sinum astsaml(e)ha kuæþiu
… … sendir vin sínum ástsamlega kveðju.
”… sends his friend a loving greeting.”
(h)a^(l)(d)i (⁓) hin ⁓ hæ^lhi ⁓ d^roten ⁓ ho^n(d) ⁓ yuir (⁓) brynio^lfs ⁓ on⁓d ⁓ þ^at ⁓ se (⁓) satt
Haldi hinn helgi dróttinn hǫnd yfir Brynjulfs ǫndu. Þat sé sat.
”May the holy Lord hold (His) hand over Brynjulfr's spirit. May it be true.”
[ha^ld](i) (⁓) (h)(i)(n) (⁓) hæ^lhi ⁓ d(r)oti(n) ⁓ h
Haldi hinn helga dróttinn h[ǫnd]
”may the holy Lord hold (His) hand”
hin
hinn
”the”
mag hin hilg
Mag[nús] hinn helgi.
”Magnús the Holy.”
lofaþum
lofuðum
”praised”
blæcaþer s
blezaðr s[á](?)
”blessed he (who)”
b^eine
Beini
”Beini”
maria
María
”Mary”
-----(r)--(k)--ir
…
”…”
r(o)a^r ru(e)
Hróarr …
”Hróarr …”
× a^rnfiþr ræist mik
Arnfinnr reist mik.
”Arnfinnr carved me.”
ga^ut^e
Gauti
”Gauti”
k b s
… … …
”…”
blæs
blez[aðr](?)
”blessed(?)”
+ askrimr +
Ásgrímr
”Ásgrímr”
or------------
…
”…”
§A ion §B ion
§A Jón §B Jón
”§A Jón §B Jón”
a^rne prestr ui(l) hafa ig<u>
Árni prestr vill hafa Ingu.
”Árni the priest wants to have Inga.”
§A (a)(s) -(b)(m)-(y) : (h)(m)(k) : (m) §B {ABCDE(F)GHLIKMOPQ (H)}
§A <[hni]as [t]bm[l]y> … … §B {<abcdefghlikmopq> …}
”§A <hnias tbmly> … §B abcdefghlikmopq …”
t mir
… mér(?)
”… me(?)”
-r-uþ-
…
”…”
io^n
Jón
”Jón”
ornesi
Órnesi
”Órnes”
a^ue
ave
”Hail”
§A lige^r i : pa^le^ ^lifir hæimsleha hin^n er bæþ undir ser beleitir sdundum §B þa^r munu matka^r ma^rher ga^uga sem a duni søfe^r dote^r at^l^la
§A Liggr í palli, lifir heimskliga hinn er beð undir sér bleytir stundum. §B Þar munu maðkar margir gaufa, sem á dúni søfr dóttir Atla.
”§A (He) lies on the bench, lives foolishly; he who beds underneath him is sometimes soaked. §B There will many maggots swarm, as Atli's daughter sleeps on down.”
§A gut^rit ⁓ in nomine ⁓ pat^ris ⁓ et fili ⁓ et §B spiri¶¶tu ⁓ santo ⁓ amen ⁓ tominus iesus crit^us ame
§A Guðríðr. In nomine patris et filii et §B spiritus sancti. Amen. Dominus Jesus Christus. Amen.
”§A Guðríðr. In the name of the Father and of the Son and §B of the holy Spirit, Amen. Lord Jesus Christ. Amen.”
guþ hia^be þer trautto
Guð hjalpi þér …
”May God help you …”
+ hafe maria krasia blena tomius stekum benatit|a| |t|aus in mulieribus æþ be
Ave Maria gratia plena. Dominus tecum benedicta tu in mulieribus, et be[nedictus].
”Hail Mary, full of grace. The Lord is with Thee: blessed art Thou among women and blessed is.”
§A emanuel sabaoþ aþo¶nai usion agios oþan¶naþos ælæison ¶ alfa æþ o §B messias soþer §C filæhs artifæhas ¶ deus iesus saluat¶or agios oþonna¶þos ælæison aæl ¶ (g)aagelai ag(e^)la
§A Emanuel Sabaoth Adonai … agios athanatos eleison Alfa et O[mega] §B Messias Soter §C Filex artifex Deus Jesus salvator agios athanatos eleison … … agla.
”§A Emanuel, Sabaoth, Adonai (Lord)(from the five names of God in Messias, Soter, Emanuel, Sabaoth, Adonai) … Holy, Immortal, Have mercy, Alfa and Omega. §B Messias, Soter §C fortunate, maker, lord Jesus the saviour. Holy, Immortal, Have mercy … agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord).”
§A + bono bena fin bona bena §B bæiofæ
§A bona benigna … bona benigna §B …
”§A good, favourable … good, favourable §B …”
þettas {K}ir{K}ia^n a {K}irkiuuelle
Þetta's {k}ir{k}jan á {K}irkjuvelli.
”This is the church of Kirkjuvǫllr.”
þo^rir · ræist · runa^r · þessa^r · þan · olaus·mess·o^æpþa^n ¶ …r han · fo^r · he^r um ¶ ⁓ bæþe^ ^ge^rþo^ ^no^(r)ne^r · uæl · o^k · il^la · mikla · møþe ¶ g skapaþu · þær mer
Þórir reist rúnar þessar þann Ólausmessaptan, [e]r han fór hér um. Bæði gerðu nornir vel ok illa, mikla mœði … skǫpuðu þær mér.
”Þórir carved these runes on the eve of Olaus-mass, when he travelled past here. The norns did both good and evil, great toil … they created for me.”
raþ ret þu runar ¶ uh blint (e)s lo at
Ráð rétt þú rúnar. … blint er …/uglu(?) át(?).
”Interpret the runes rightly! … Blind is(?) … the owl's(?) nourishment(?) (ie obscure are the words of the owl).”
<hor-->
hór…(?)
”adultery-(?)…”
<hor> --
hórr(?) …
”whore …”
pati
pati
”gossip”
{K} æ ' b {K}
{K}[yrie](?) e[leison](?) B[enedictus](?) {q}[ui](?)
”Lord have mercy, blessed is he who(?)”
kirkia^n a^ ^kirkiuuelli a mik
Kirkjan á Kirkjuvelli á mik.
”The church of Kirkjuvǫllr owns me.”
kuþ styþi huæn er mik styþer til utfærþar
Guð styði hvern er mik styðr til útferðar.
”May God support whosoever supports my expedition.”
r<a>n t^r<yll>
Ragn[ar](?) Dryllr.
”Ragnarr(?) the Stout.”
kn(u)(a)(s)
…
”…”
m(a)tig biorn siriþ
Máttig/málig Bjǫrn [ok] Sigríðr.
”Mighty/Talkative Bjǫrn and Sigríðr”
trnralaba^la^lisa^rnþa^la^ln
…
”…”
tistil mistil ok <h>n þiriþi þistil
Tistill, mistill ok, hinn þriði, þistill.
”'tistill', mistletoe and - the third - thistle.”
tistilsmiso<h>nþrl(e)--
…
”…”
tilsbnr
…
”…”
klemetr · ræist ru(^n)ar þesar sunutah þan er nestr e^r æpt(e)r iol guþ gæte (h)ans o^k in hælka m(æ)r
Klemetr reist rúnar þessar sunnudag þann, er næstr er eptir jól. Guð gæti hans ok hinn helga mær.
”Klemetr ræist these runes on the Sunday which is next after Christmas. May God and the holy maiden protect his.”
-(u)(þ) fani sal þira bæikia
[G]uð fagni sál þeira beggja.
”May God welcome both of their souls.”
------------/…
…
”…”
m^a^ria
María
”Mary”
mnri
María
”Mary”
n : iþ : rh : i
… … … …
”…”
ka^nuli
Knúti
”Knútr's”
kirkia ⁓ sa^nkus ⁓ kalikr
Kirkja. Sanctus. Kalikr.
”Church. Sanctus-bell. Chalice.”
fuþorkh
<fuþorkh[nias]>
”<fuþorkhnias>”
hi banaþo …
Hin bǫnnuðu …
”the forbidden/accursed …”
besse
Bessi
”Bessi”
a^u^e m^a
Ave Ma[ria]
”Hail Mary”
þe^nna (:) sta^(f) : (g)a^f : siþhriþ : a hu… …irir so^lo a^r^ndo^rs o^k se^r til misku^na^r
Þenna staf gaf Sigríðr á Hv[áli f]yrir sálu Arnþórs ok sér til miskunnar.
”Sigríðr of Hváll gave this staff for mercy towards the souls of Arnþórr and herself.”
asuin
…
”…”
olafr kunukr skaut mili stæina þe(s)a
Ólafr konungr skaut milli steina þessa.
”King Ólafr konungr shot between these stones.”
ionsmæsodahr er nu
Jónsmessudagr er nú.
”Now is the day of Jón's-mass.”
ek t^rui a guþ
Ek trúi á Guð.
”I believe in God.”
petronile
Petronilla
”Petronilla”
[+ koþ trotin hialli ia(l)o + k(æ)tila +]
Guð dróttinn hjalpi sálu Ketils.
”May Lord God help Ketill's soul.”
[+ hær huilir : unþir : a^rn¶finþr ⁓ iaua^r(t)c:son]
Hér hvílir undir Arnfinnr Jatvarðssonr/Hávarðssonr.
”Hereunder rests Arnfinnr Jatvarðr's son/Hávarðr's son.”
loka^r fa^l loka^r sin i loka^rspo^nom
Lokarr fal lokar sinn í lokarspónum.
”Lokarr ('plane') concealed his plane in the plane-shavings.”
nu · er · ba^lm·sunua^fta^n ¶ troten· hia^be · þæim| |manni · ¶ er · þesa^r · runa^r · ræist · sua þæim · ¶ er · þær · ræþr +
Nú er palmsunnuaptann. Dróttinn hjalpi þeim manni, er þessar rúnar reist, svá þeim, er þær ræðr.
”(It) is now the eve of Palm Sunday. May the Lord help the man who carved these runes; likewise he who interprets them.”
fuþorkhains
<fuþorkhnias>
”<fuþorkhnias>”
a^ue ma
Ave Ma[ria]
”Hail Mary”
kuþ min ok hi ælak ma^ria
Guð minn ok hin helga María.
”My God and the holy Mary.”
kirkiu
kirkju
”church”
su^nr
sonr/suðr
”son/south”
glo^ri-
glori[a]
”Glory”
hælh(e)
Helgi
”Helgi”
sol(i) si-
soli(?) si[t](?)
”alone be(?)”
au- --r--…
Av[e](?) [Ma]r[ia](?)
”Hail Mary(?)”
styllaug
Styrlaugr
”Styrlaugr”
sa^n^ta^ ^mic
Sankt Mik[jáll]
”Saint Michael”
… m(a^)rtiri(b)us : l^eti(m)ini · e{X}ult^ent · iusti · mirabilis (a)…
… martiribus, letamini e{x}ultent justi mirabilis …
”… You rejoice with the martyrs! The righteous exult with wonders …”
§A a ⁓ ra^n §B mac
§A … … §B …
”§A … §B …”
synri
syðri(?)
”southerly(?)”
r^ ^r ra^r
R[áð] r[étt] r[ún]ar.
”Interpret the runes rightly!”
(m)-(t)---(i)(k)/(h)-(d)---(i)(k)
…
”…”
fu
<fu[þork]>
”<fuþork>”
guþ hia^lpe þæim er mik ræist in þat ua haukr
Guð hjalpi þeim, er mik reist, en þat var Haukr.
”May God help he who carved me and that was Haukr.”
ma^ria
María
”Mary”
§A [+ krur : biria:suar : risti : stin : þina| |at : nu-… …] §B [katils:sunar : is : nir : uas : naukuin : is : itin : sia : stinr +]
§A Grímr Bersasonr reisti stein þenna at Þó[r]… … §B Ketilssonar er hér var hǫggvin er steinn sá stendr.
”§A Grímr Bersi's son raised this stone in memory of Þór-… … §B Ketill's son, who was cut down here where this stone stands.”
⁓ --n ⁓ (s)(s)(r) (a)(a)^(r)(b)
… … …
”…”
…(r) rist
… reist
”… carved”
eirikr
Eiríkr
”Eiríkr”
+ þur… lit raisa krus þina aft-- -----
Þór[ðr] lét reisa kross þenna ept[ir] …
”Þórðr had this cross raised in memory of …”
…r · uaskor · s(o)nr · þores · a …
… vaskr(?), sonr Þóris á …
”… the intrepid, son of Þórir of …”
kristr : hialb : os : uæl
Kristr, hjalp oss vel.
”Christ, help us well.”
þo^rþr
Þórðr
”Þórðr”
atres
Andrés
”Andrés”
her : lago þeir men er komo af ¶ risalade meþ lo^þnu skipi af (g)ulli ¶ o^k þet er i þesum steini
Hér lágu þeir menn, er kómu af Risalandi með hlǫðnu skipi af gulli. Ok þat er í þessum steini.
”Here lie the men who came from Risaland with ships laden with gold. And that is in this stone.”
… …-þe runa^r þæ-…
… [bar]ði(?) rúnar þe[ssar]
”… struck(?) these runes”
ai(k)--… · -(o)^rtir ⁓ ra(-)--
… … …
”…”
ræist : ramr : iotun · ru^n(a)^r
Reist rammr jǫtunn rúnar.
”The strong giant carved the runes.”
okhænta-
…
”…”
ømotr (:) ræst · þæir (:) --þo : sa--
Ǫgmundr reist. Þeir [li]ðu(?) …
”Ǫgmundr carved. They passed(?) …”
sa ma^þr : resti : runar : þæsar : er uas : utanb…
Sá maðr risti rúnar þessar, er var útan…
”That man carved these runes who was outside/without …”
kliþie æi a : mi(k) : gose
Gleðizk ei, á mik Gási.
”Ever rejoice: Gási owns me.”
h(e)(r) (e)r gull o^k uilur un(d)ir
Hér er gull ok villur undir.
”Hereunder are gold and enchantment.”
þair luþin auk þ(u)…
Þeir Loðinn ok Þo[r]…
”Loðinn and Þor-…”
(e)(m)(h)r…
…
”…”
ura^n---ais/ury---ais
…
”…”
[ko^r r mik]
Kárr r[eist] mik.
”Kárr carved me”
rrr---
…
”…”
hantria
handhrjá(?)
”affliction of the hand(?)”
…a : yfir : leh : þo^ro : ko^no : sin… ¶ … (t)omasmesso^ ^þ…
… yfir leg Þóru, konu sinn[ar]. … Thomásmessu …
”… over the burial-place of his wife Þóra … Thomás-mass …”
io^n gaf hæinnr-
Jón gaf Heinr[ek].
”Jón gave to Heinrekr.”
þo^rotr risti r(u)(n)(a)r þesar
Þóroddr risti rúnar þessar.
”Þóroddr carved these runes.”
þo…r(u)…r…
…
”…”
[…]
…
”…”
[-------r : r-…]
… …
”…”
øst<ain> : <ra>i<st> :
Eysteinn reist.
”Eysteinn carved.”
lit guþ^rs uit · ek ·
Til Guðs vil ek.
”I want (to go) to God.”
+ ek : biþ : firi : guþrs : sakar : yþr : lær^þa : men^n : er ¶ uarþuæita : staþ : þæn^na : ok : al^la : þa : er : raþa : ku^n^nu ¶ bøn : mina : min^nick : sa^lo : min^na^r : i hælgum : bønom : en ¶ ek : et : gun^na^r : ok : gærþi : ek : hus : þæt^ta + ua^lete
Ek bið fyrir Guðs sakar yðr lærða menn, er varðveita stað þenna, ok alla þá, er ráða kunnu bœn mína: minnizk sálu minnar í helgum bœnum. En ek hét Gunnarr, ok gerða ek hús þetta. Valete!
”I pray for God's guilt to you learned men who are in charge of this place, and all of you, who can interpret my prayer: remember my soul in holy prayers. And I was called Gunnarr and I made this house. Farewell!”
+ iuar · (e)(f)--r/(s)(m)--r : ke^rþe · mik · en · maria · a · mic
Ívarr …/Sm[ið]r(?) gerði mik, en María á mik.
”Ívarr …/the smith(?) made me but María owns me.”
[biorg simunar(d)oter : (i)…]
Bjǫrg Símunardóttir …
”Bjǫrg Símun's daughter …”
þurir : auk : hal(u)arþr : rai(s)(t)(u) · stain : þins(i) · aft u(l)f(l)iu(t) … ¶ tualf · uintr · ha(f)(þ)i : (k)r(i)(s)(t)(i)(n)·(t)umr : (u)iri(t) · (i) n(u)riki …
Þórir ok Hallvarðr reistu stein þenna ept Ulfljót(?) … Tolf vetr hafði kristindómr verit í Nóregi …
”Þórir and Hallvarðr raised this stone in memory of Ulfljótr(?) … Christianity had been twelve winters in Norway …”
siklis nᴀ hli
Sigli's nauða hlé.
”The jewellery is protection from (the) needs.”
kætil a
Ketill á.
”Ketill owns.”
snalt^r
snáldr
”spindle-whorl”
utar raisti stain aft(i)(r) (a)(u)rn fauþur sin
Óttarr reisti stein eptir Ǫrn, fǫður sinn.
”Óttarr raised the stone in memory of Ǫrn, his father.”
utar raisti stain aft (:) (b)(i)(a)(u)rn fauþur sin
Óttarr reisti stein ept Bjǫrn, fǫður sinn.
”Óttarr raised the stone in memory of Bjǫrn, his father.”
⁓ eirikur ⁓ þossteis⁓son
Eiríkur Þorsteinssonr
”Eiríkr Þorsteinn's son”
§A inga §B …s ⁓ asmunda^r⁓so^n ⁓ a mik
§A Inga §B … Ásmundarsonr á mik.
”§A Inga §B … Ásmundr's son owns me.”
i^o^n
Jón
”Jón”
+ {HER ⁓ HVILIR · BRYNILDR ⁓ ENDRIDA ⁓ (D) P(R)EST ⁓ EN …[RI]DI PRET : GEIRALDA:SUN : BAS ⁓ FA}þer ⁓ henær ger… ¶ --- : h--(r) (·) (e)r ¶ (m)ik : ser : sY-ggi ¶ fi(r)ir · hen(æ)- (:) --
{Hér hvílir Brynhildr Eindriða d[óttir] prests, en [Eind]riði prestr Geiraldasonr <BAS>, fa}ðir hennar ger[ði mik.] H[ve]rr, er mik sér, sy[n]gi fyrir henna[r] [sál].
”Here rests Brynhildr, Eindriði the priest's daughter, and Eindriði the priest, Geiraldi <BAS>'s son, her father, made me. Whoever sees me, sing for her [soul]!”
u^al
val/vel
”choice/good”
þu
þý(?)
”serf(?)”
þtæ : ska^rfa^þi : ulæf : fa^rby^nsun
Þetta skarfaði Olafr/Oleifr Farbjǫrnssonr.
”Olafr/Oleifr Farbjǫrnsson joined this together.”
unak mæy(i)u -----latre oælens fulku i fæsta ha(f)þe
Unn-ak mæyju, [mikil]látri … fulgu(?) í(?) festa(?) hafði(?).
”I loved the arrogant maiden … had(?) maintenance(?) in pledge(?)”
liut--(r) : ouk : iohan : erusk : uinir
Ljót[gei]rr ok Jóhan erusk vinir.
”Ljótgeirr and Jóhan are friends with each other.”
fuþorkhniastbml-
<fuþorkhniastbml[y]>
”<fuþorkhniastbmly>”
krimr : a
Grímr á.
”Grímr owns.”
b(i)rn
Bjǫrn
”Bjǫrn”
fuþorkhniaslbm--
<fuþorkhniastbm[ly]>
”<fuþorkhniastbmly>”
ik ' fan ⁓ knif(p) '
Ek fann kníf.
”I found the knife.”
asa
Ása
”Ása”
sakum r
sǫkum …
”guilt / for the reason that …”
lafra^ns a
Lafranz á.
”Lafranz owns.”
[þorualr sigurþr ristit ru--ar þisi]
Þorvaldr Sigurðr ristit rú[n]ar þessar.
”Þorvaldr (and) Sigurðr carved these runes”
[þorualr ⁓ sigurþr ⁓ ristit ⁓ runor · þesa ⁓]
Þorvaldr Sigurðr ristit rúnar þessar.
”Þorvaldr (and) Sigurðr carved these runes”
[þ--æ--þæ(u)ru--r---]
…
”…”
ion : (o)- · ---(a)(r) (⁓) uatu (o)la(s)(u)--u-(o)- h(e)r : r sim--n ⁓ ame(n) --
Jón o[k] [Ív]arr(?) vǫktu Ólafsv[ǫk]u[n]ó[tt] hér. R[éð](?) Sím[o]n(?) amen …
”Jón and Ívarr(?) kept vigil here on the eve of Ólafr's-vigil. Símon interpreted. Amen …”
guþ a mik
Guð á mik.
”God owns me.”
i(o)-i(s)(k)(y)-- (·) …(o)n : res ¶ mek · ma^ria
… … reist(?) mik. María.
”… carved(?) me. Mary.”
guþ · ok : hin : hiælgi : olafr : kongr (:) hialpe (:) þæim (:) mane (:) er : þesar : runar : ræist : meþr : sinu : hæilahu : arnaþar:orþe
Guð ok hinn helgi Ólafr konungr hjalpi þeim manni, er þessar rúnar reist með sínu heilagu árnaðarorði.
”May God and the holy King Ólafr with their holy intercessions help the man who carved these runes.”
ala brum
árla(?) brum(?)
”early in spring(?)/budding(?)”
-uar -- (:) --l(l)
[Í]varr(?) … …
”Ívarr …”
huriag
…
”…”
(p)ila^l--
píla[grímr](?)/pílárr(?)
”pilgrim/piller(?)”
maria
María
”Mary”
[…- þu run…]
[Ráð](?) þú rún[ar].
”Interpret the runes!”
iæk · hiæk hæ(l)
Ek hjǫ hell.
”I cut the rock-slab.”
sigurþr ar
Sigurðr …
”Sigurðr …”
-i(u)(n)sk (m)oiþr
[h]imnesk(?) móðir(?)
”heavenly(?) mother(?)”
he^r ⁓ huilir ⁓
hér hvílir
”here rests”
[---- þo^rs:da^g -------------------]
… þórsdag …
”… Thursday …”
heþen ranæih
Heðinn, Rannveig
”Heðinn, Rannveig”
r(e)rurir(e)rærøry
…
”…”
(k)uþ ta^ki sa^l ketil^lss
Guð taki sál Ketils.
”May God take Ketill's soul.”
kuþ kæti þin ærlingr sikmuntarson nu o^k iafna^n
Guð gæti þín, Erlingr Sigmundarsonr, nú ok jafnan.
”May God protect you, Erlingr Sigmundr's son, now and always.”
amu(n)(t)(i)
Ámundi
”Ámundi”
[sei kþ a^ ^m]
Sé Guð á m[ik].(?)
”God, see over me.”
þess(i)r ⁓ suku i fi¶orþ ⁓ ¶ ioan æirikr ¶ lo^þenn bkb ¶ ka^pa^læin ¶ p-(r) : ---a^r
Þessir sukku í fjǫrð Jóhan, Eiríkr Loðinn biskup(?) kapaleinn … …
”These sunk in the fjord: Jóhan, Eiríkr, Loðinn the Bishop(?), Chaplain …”
fuirkul/fþirkþl
…
”…”
------þkb--n---þ…r--lgu(þ)…
…
”…”
kætil
Ketill
”Ketill”
--(k)(t)r
…
”…”
niku(l)(a)(s) ua^r h(e)^r in(e) (e)^r -- -(r)
Nikulás var hér inni, er [hann fó]r.
”Nikulás was inside here, before he travelled.”
griot^ga^rþr
Grjótgarðr
”Grjótgarðr”
kuþ ⁓ ha ⁓ s(e)tu
Guð hafi(?) sálu(?).
”May God have the soul(?)”
stæin
Steinn
”Steinn”
amute han risti mik guþ sihni han
Ámundi hann risti mik. Guð signi hann.
”Ámundi, he carved me. May God bless him.”
ame ¶ oyin
amen nomine
”Amen. In the name …”
uilhialmr
Vilhjalmr
”Vilhjalmr”
fu
<fu[þork]>
”<fuþork>”
… þo^rstæn ¶ …(s)t run…r …
… Þorsteinn [rei]st rún[a]r …
”… Þorsteinn carved runes …”
…- up(l)iotr| |ræist runa^r þesar
… Ulfljótr reist rúnar þessar.
”… Ulfljótr carved these runes”
[… æihu : hæl^lur (:) þesar]
… eigu hellur þessar.
”… own these rock-slabs.”
fuþo^rkhnia
<fuþorkhnia[s]>
”<fuþorkhnias>”
barþr
Bárðr
”Bárðr”
(k)rimr
Grímr
”Grímr”
khr…str
Kr[i]str
”Christ”
barþr r---
Bárðr r[eist].
”Bárðr carved.”
barþr
Bárðr
”Bárðr”
… [rutsm](a)urkum : uisa : birt (a)t ¶ … [biaurn(u)]… × ristu × ru(n)(a)r : þisar
… Ruðsmǫrkum/Ruðsmǫrkum vísa bert at. … Bjǫrnu[lfr] ristu rúnar þessar.
”… (they) show clearly (the way) to Ruðsmark/the (border)markers of the clearings. … (and) Bjǫrnulfr carved these runes.”
[(b)irkr (a)u- ---r]
Bergr o[k þei]r
”Bergr and”
[u](n)di[r a^us](t)(a)-(u)-(r)(þ)re o^rf er gul g-(y)-- niu a^lna --þr
Undir austa[n]v[e]ðri horf er gull g[e]y[mt] níu alna [ni]ðr.
”Gold is hidden nine ells below under the eastern corner.”
--------- --is(t)^ ^ru(n)(a)r
… [re]ist rúnar.
”… carved runes.”
her er f^e fo^lget untir st-ni þess(u)m
Hér er fé folgit undir st[ei]ni þessum.
”Wealth is concealed here under these stones.”
§A f §B f
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
petr a mi
Pétr á mik.
”Pétr owns me”
he^r sto^þ k^no^r uti
Hér stóð knǫrr úti.
”The cargo-ship stood outside here.”
-uþorkhniastbmly
<[f]uþorkhniastbmly>
”<fuþorkhniastbmly>”
rumfa^re
Rúmfari
”Traveller to Rome”
ua^lþr ok is r þir(i) ru(m)fa^re
Válaðr(?) ók í r[eið] þeirri, Rúmfari.
”The pauper(?) went in this wagon, the traveller to Rome.”
a^ue ma^ria gracia
Ave Maria gratia.
”Hail Mary, (full of) grace.”
her sto^þ ro^þ(a^)(r) --rt^rat^(u)ba
Hér stóð róðr …
”The rudder stood here …”
fuþo(r)k --
<fuþork> …
”<fuþork> …”
(k)iæte guþ þes er k o^(l)ma^þa
Gæti Guð þess er ek olmaða.
”May God protect him whom I enraged.”
' margret · a · mek ·
Margrét á mik.
”Margrét owns me.”
her ⁓ huilr (:) sra ⁓ -l-metter ⁓ prester : faþer ⁓ marga(r)… ¶ …(þ) (s)(a)(l)læ iui ⁓ rani ⁓ akku ⁓ biþir ⁓ pater ⁓ noster ⁓ firrit sol han ¶ þorsstein ¶ gerþe mi
Hér hvílir Síra [K]l[e]metr prestr, faðir Margar[étu]. [Fri]ð(?) sælu(?) yfir(?) Hrana(?) ekkju(?). Biðið Pater noster fyrir sál hans. Þorsteinn gerði mik.
”Here rests Sir Klemetr the priest, Margaréta's father. Peace(?), fortune(?) for Hrani's(?) widow(?). Pray Our Father for his soul. Þorsteinn made me.”
a^krþos/k^arþos
…/garðáss(?)
”…/Farm-sprite(?).”
rooo
…
”…”
abcþ(e)fghik(l)(m)(n)op(u)rstø(y)
<abcdefghiklmnopurstøy>
”abcdefghiklmnopurstøy”
§A furu- trikia frislats a §B uit auk uiks fotum uir skiftum
§A Fóru[m] drengja Fríslands á §B vit, ok vígs fǫtum vér skiptum.
”§A We travelled to meet the valiant men of Frisia §B (and) we divided the spoils of the fight.”
ranuaik a kistu þosa
Rannveig á kistu þessa.
”Rannveig owns this chest.”
kasi -
Gási [á].
”Gási [owns].”
§A … …n : þino : ift atla : fus… §B …- s(t)(i)ns : auk suis(t)u… …
§A … [stei]n þenna ept Atla, fós[tra] §B … …steins/Steins ok systu[r] …
”§A … this stone in memory of Atli, (his) foster- §B … …-steinn's/Steinn's and sister …”
…- : --in : þana : …
… [ste]in þenna …
”… this stone …”
þo^la{K}r ⁓ a mik
Þorla{k}r á mik.
”Þorlakr owns me.”
klkr
klukkari(?)
”bell-ringer(?)”
[abctefkhiklmnopqbstuhy-øæ ifæb ⁓ grþe mik son ⁓ þores ⁓ sindras]
<abc> Ívarr gerði mik, sonr Þóris Sindras[onar].
”<abc> Ívarr made me, son of Þórir Sindri's son.”
+ olafr : let : læg… … … … … …ur sins : have hu^æær e^r ræþr þæssa list himinrikis : uisst
Ólafr lét legg[ja stein þenna yfir …] [fǫð]ur/[bró]ður síns. Hafi hverr, er ræðr þessa list, Himinríkis vist.
”Ólafr had this stone laid over … his father/brother. May each who interprets this riddle have the provisions of Heaven.”
þe(t) : sæ(k)ir : biskup : at : þi
Þet segir biskup at því.
”This (is what) the bishop says about that.”
{KUIK}na ⁓ {KK}a ⁓ a (m)ik ⁓
{Kvik}na {k}[ir]{k}[j]a á mik.
”The church of Kviknar owns me.”
--- (g)æte þin klemetr o^k a^l(^l)er hælger men(^n) (þ)at se --t
… gæti þín Klemetr ok allir helgir menn, þat sé [sa]tt(?).
”… may Klemetr and all holy men protect you. May it be true(?).”
p · patær ⁓
… pater.
”… Father.”
+ æ(g)h-
…
”…”
patær
pater
”Father.”
-uþorkhniastblmy
<[f]uþorkhniastblmy>
”<fuþorkhniastblmy>”
fuþorkhniastb(m)l(y)
<fuþorkhniastbmly>
”<fuþorkhniastbmly>”
…kiu
[kir]kju(?)
”church(?)”
maria
María
”Mary”
maria
María
”Mary”
m^a^r^i^a
María
”Mary”
þ(a) ⁓ um ⁓ þat ⁓ su(m)(a)(r) (⁓) ---- (:) (þ)(æ)ir : brøþr : ælling(r) (:) (o)k : auþun : hokoa : til : kirkiu : þessar : er : ærlinkr : i(a)… …(l) : i · niþar:ose ⁓
Þá, um þat sumar [létu] þeir brœðr Erlingr ok Auðun hǫggva til kirkju þessar, er Erlingr ja[rl fe]ll í Niðarósi.
”That was the summer which the brothers Erlingr and Auðun had (the wood) cut for this church, when Earl Erlingr fell in Nidaros.”
-ri(s)t aaa mik
[K]ristr á(?) mik.
”Christ owns(?) me.”
(g)ys a mik þiat ek erfiþar
Kyss á mik, þvíat ek erfiða.
”Kiss me because I am troubled.”
fuþ
<fuþ[ork]>
”<fuþork>”
hlbiork
Hallbjǫrg
”Hallbjǫrg”
⁓ kekhnke ⁓ ekng ⁓ pddadrdtkkd ⁓ ednnr ⁓ ardd ⁓ skpsdd :⁓ kfididmsdefkeddatafisif :⁓ ¶ : t(o)tas ¶ ⁓ ego ⁓ dini ⁓
… … … … … … … … ego …
”… I …”
pater noster k(i) (e)(s) in slis
Pater noster qui es in cœlis.
”Our Father who art in Heaven.”
non siþ
Non sit.
”Be not.”
kekhnke
…
”…”
æ t þ f f s s a n t æ t þ f f s s a n t
e[inn] t[veir] þ[rír] f[jórir] f[imm] s[ex] s[jau] á[tta] n[íu] t[íu] e[llifu] t[olf] þ[rettán] f[jórtán] f[imtán] s[extán] s[jautján] á[ttján] n[ítján] t[uttugu]
”One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty.”
kekhnke
…
”…”
ra^þ rett ru(^n)a^r þesar
Ráð rétt rúnar þessar.
”Rightly interpret these runes!”
sku-a æih(i)
Sku[nd]a eigi!
”Do not hurry!”
þet--
þett[a](?)
”this(?)”
…-r
…
”…”
i muntlauku
í mundlaugu
”in the handbasin”
asiuh nayr ay ' (e)s raon þ rey^ras
Ástug nœr æ! Er raun at hrerask.
”Beloved, nourish (me) (= spiritually) for ever! (Human) decay is a trial.”
ma^rka^rita^r : eiriks(:)totto^r : olafs sylua^r:smiþs :
Margarétar Eiríksdóttur, Ólafs Silfrsmiðs.
”Margarét Eiríkr's daughter's, Ólafr the silversmith's.”
halha · a snalt þenan
Helga á snáld þenna.
”Helga owns this spindle-whorl.”
⁓ þæssa^r ⁓ run^ne^r ⁓ rest ⁓ eiriker ⁓ ba^r--r ⁓ fe(i)(t) þa^n^n ⁓ ueter ⁓ (æ)r ⁓ ho^n^n ⁓ ua^r reist ⁓ uallet^e ⁓
Þessar rúnar reist Eiríkr pr[est]r(?). Fecit þann vetr er hon var reist. Valete.
”Eiríkr the priest carved these runes. He made (them) that winter when it (the church) was carved (= built). Farewell!”
þæssa^r : runa^r
Þessar rúnar.
”These runes”
-f(r)-(þ)(r) · -a-t- · ku-(n) --u-
… … … …
”…”
(o) gu(þ) e^r alt m(a)(t)i : a(r)la kæt(e) · (r)-a-- r-n-rso-ar han^n ræis- ru^na^r
Ó Guð, er alt mátti árla, gæti … R[a]gn[a]rsso[n]ar. Hann reis[t] rúnar.
”O God, who since the beginning has presided over all, protect … Ragnarr's son. He carved runes.”
s(a)-----(s)(a) : i : (h)(a)s(i)ra : minum : i : biorh(u)-(n) (a)r : m(i)r : kæ(i)nti : (r)(o)(k) (:) at (:) (h)(o)mni : (m)(i)l
… … … mínum í Bjǫrgv[i]n, er mér kendi … at … …
”… mine(?) in Bjǫrgvin, who knew me … that …”
ælntir
Erlendr
”Erlendr”
bal(i) brat(i) rist
Páll Bratti reist.
”Páll the Proud carved.”
þo^rir
Þórir
”Þórir”
olafr
Ólafr
”Ólafr”
þossæin
Þorsteinn
”Þorsteinn”
fuþ(o)rkhniastblme(æ)
<fuþorkhniastblmeæ>
”<fuþorkhniastblmeæ>”
samson
Samson
”Samson”
æltriþ a
Eldríðr á.
”Eldríðr owns.”
…kat : þurunr -----
… Þórunnr …
”… Þórunnr …”
þo ¶ o^l^a^f
… Ólaf
”… Ólafr”
+ lofrikr · a · mot : þta :
Lofríkr á mót þetta.
”Lofríkr owns this stamp.”
+ askel · lo benek : þen
Áskell á penning þenna.
”Áskell owns this penny (ie. stamp).”
olafr kunukr
Ólafr konungr.
”King Ólafr.”
aslak
Áslakr
”Áslakr”
kunar · a · mot þita
Gunnarr á mót þetta.
”Gunnarr owns this stamp.”
kunar a mot þisa
Gunnarr á mót þessa.
”Gunnarr owns this stamp.”
kunar : a : mot þisk
Gunnarr á mót þessa.
”Gunnarr owns this stamp.”
kunar : mot þisa
Gunnarr mót þessa.
”This Gunnarr's stamp.”
§A … -g(r)(e):gie : igni:bus : ka^l(e)sko : æius : koti:die : in amo^re : græs:ko … §B …--(s) : agam : teneri : uirgo : sik · agamus : ambos : (s)umus … §C …-n--a : lusis : agone : Yilum·ena : kuæruli : tæria (r)-… …
§A [Virginis e]gregie ignibus calesco [et] eius cotidie in amore cresco; … §B … agam teneri virgo sic agamus ambos sumus … §C … lucis agone. Philomena querule Terea r[etractat], …
”§A I am becoming inflamed with the fires (of love) for the exquisite maiden, and grow daily (more) in love with her … §B … §C … with life's(?) despondency. Philomena lamenting struggles with Tereus …”
§A d^ucite ⁓ diskrete : uita^m ⁓ ku^e ⁓ --(n)-… §B uæst^ra ⁓ salus ⁓ mete : siþ : næcia : …
§A ducite discrete vitam, que … §B vestra salus mete sit nescia …
”§A Lead a life discreetly, which … §B May your (good) health know no bounds …”
amor uin
amor vin[cit]
”Love conquers.”
§A ⁓ §B × al^len uar ek §C (a)l §D dekor : amenita : flos : amoris
§A §B Alinn var ek §C … §D decor amenitas, flos amoris
”§A §B I was born. §C … §D A charm of delightfulness, a flower of love.”
§A ru·ma · kapud · mundi §B ut ⁓ uar ⁓ ek i kær
§A Roma, caput mundi. §B Út var ek í gær.
”§A Rome, capital of the world. §B I was out (there) yesterday.”
§A midet ⁓ h(u)c §B (i)on :
§A medeor(?) huic(?) §B Jón
”§A Heal this(?). §B Jón(?)”
⁓ (o)n^n(o)^(r) deo (u)en-aþ meo
Honor(?) Deo [v]en[i]at(?) meo.
”Let honour(?) come(?) to my(?) God(?) …”
fæcumisi
…
”…”
⁓ furin^ns uita^lis paritir
furens(?) vitalis(?) pariter(?)
”raging(?) - vital(?) - in like measure(?)”
uenit
venit
”He came.”
oleæ
olea
”oil”
§A ari : a §B santi : ula^b- …
§A Ari á. §B Sendi/Sancti Ólaf[r]/Olav[i] …
”§A Ari owns. §B Saint Ólafr's / Ólafr may send …”
pater ⁓ noster ⁓ kui| |is in selo ⁓ santaf(i)setur ⁓ nomen tum ⁓ aþf(e)n(i)aþ reno-
Pater noster, qui es in cœlis. Sanctaficetur nomen tuum, adveniat regnu[m]
”Our Father who art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy name. [Thy] kingdom come.”
§A ⁓ þo^rgisl : ut^løa^ubr ⁓ ma^(n)us : sihurþr : ha^r(o)^ld^r : --… §B …- : a^rnuþr ⁓ sihurþr : iøn : sihurþr : klumr : §C b batær : nøstær
§A Þorgísl Úthlaupr, Magnús, Sigurðr, Haraldr, … §B … Arnviðr, Sigurðr, Jón, Sigurðr, Glúmr §C … Pater Noster
”§A Þorgísl, Úthlaupr(?), Magnús, Sigurðr, Haraldr … §B … Arnviðr, Sigurðr, Jón, Sigurðr, Glúmr §C … Our Father”
§A a(u)e (m)aria gracia (p)lena tominus tekom §B benetikta t^u in mulieribus æþ benetikt^us §C fruktus uentris tui amen
§A Ave Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum, §B benedicta tu in mulieribus, et benedictus §C fructus ventris tui. Amen.
”§A Hail Mary, full of grace. The Lord is with Thee: §B blessed art Thou among women, and blessed is §C the fruit of your womb. Amen.”
§A …s : æt : benedikdus : fruktus : §B …(k)us : uilelmus
§A [mulieribu]s et benedictus fructus §B … Vilhelmus
”§A among women and blessed is the fruit §B … Vilhelmus”
aue maria kracia blena
Ave Maria, gratia plena.
”Hail Mary, full of grace.”
aue maria
Ave Maria
”Hail Mary”
aue maria
Ave Maria
”Hail Mary”
⁓ a^ue ma^ria
Ave Maria
”Hail Mary”
§A a^ue ma^ria §B {K}b/b{K}
§A Ave Maria §B …
”§A Hail Mary §B …”
a^u^e ma
Ave Ma[ria]
”Hail Mary”
aue
Ave
”Hail”
ma^ria
María
”Mary”
kiri alæisun : krist alæison
Kyrie eleison, Christe eleison.
”Lord, have mercy; Christ, have mercy.”
§A sisesisisesilsisiþaniralat §B dihsse dominos domios sede a dæhstris m(e)oe
§A … §B Dixit Dominus Domino, sede a dextris meis
”§A … §B The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand.”
§A + ka^ute : tie · kinit^r · suermo: in·mokulata · ga^ute §B k-- … §C ga^ute : kue : genuisti : eterni · lumi(n)- §D k[l]-… …
§A Gaude, Dei genetrix, virgo immaculata. Gaude, §B q[uae] … §C Gaude, quae genuisti aeterni lumin[is] §D cl[aritatem] …
”§A Rejoice, Mother of God, immaculate Virgin, rejoice §B … §C Rejoice, Thou who created clarity from eternal light §D …”
rec iudeorum in nomini patris nacarenus
Rex Judæorum. In nomine patris. Nazarenus
”King of the Jews. In the name of the Father, Nazareth.”
§A maria ⁓ peperit ⁓ cristum ⁓ elisabet ⁓ peperit ⁓ iohan^nem ⁓ baptistam ⁓ in ⁓ illarum §B u^(e)nerac(i)o-(e) ⁓ sis ⁓ absoluta ⁓⁓ æcsi ⁓ inkalue ⁓ dominus te ⁓ uacat ⁓ ad ⁓ lu
§A Maria peperit Christum, Elisabet peperit Johannem Baptistam. In illarum §B veneratio[n]e sis absoluta. Exi, incalve. Dominus te vocat ad lu[cem]/lu[men].
”§A Mary bore Christ, Elisabeth bore John the Baptist. Receive redemption in veneration of them. §B Go out, hairless one (= child). The Lord calls you into the light.”
§A ⁓ in nomne (p)at^ric æ^þ fi(l)i æ^þ cprit^uc| |ca^nti am^en : surraa §B pia sruc æ^þ pasio sricte ??i m(a) pacmauit æ^þ casrobat §C ?(a)^l(r) ?i?(e) (d)(e)i cin medisina cin medisina mii o §D cagine la^uit febrac (a)(d)(i)(k)oui(a)(d) fu(i) (m)(a) uecca^re lr
§A In nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti, amen. Currat(?) §B pia crux et passio Christe, qui me plasmavit et sacrabat §C Vulnera quinque Dei sint medicina. Sint medicina mei … §D sangvine lavit. Febres depellat qui me vexare laborant.
”§A In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, Amen <currat> §C May God's Five Wounds be (my) medicine. May my medicine be §B Holy Cross and Christ's passion. He who moulded and washed me §D with Holy Blood. May he expel the fever which strives to torment me.”
§A ? uiþ auhum : to^bias : sannat : okulus : istas ominnis f(a)-?fau?fao?? §B sidra^k : missa^k : æ^þ og : benagog myl o^gum : eomos uiþb(l)o^þ
§A … Við augum. Tobias sanat oculus istius hominis … §B Sidrak, Misak et auk Abdenago. … … … …
”§A For the eyes. Tobias heals the eyes of this person. … §B Shadrach, Meschach and Abdenago …”
§A o a^lfa kristu^s et a^lfa §B ie¶¶sus et ma^ria ma^rcus §C mateus lucas §D iohannes mateus lucas
§A O Alpha, Christus et Alpha §B Jesus et Maria. Marcus §C Matthæus, Lucas §D Johannes, Matthæus, Lucas.
”§A O Alpha, Christ and Alpha. §B Jesus and Mary. Mark, §C Matthew, Luke, §D John, Matthew, Luke.”
{M}(a){THEU}c {M}(a){RCUS LUS}? ??a{NNE}c
{M}a{tthæu}s {M}a{rcus, Luc}[as, Joh]a{nne}s.
”Matthew, Mark, Luke, John.”
§A ⁓ a⁓g⁓l⁓a ⁓ guþt ⁓ sateor ⁓ a(r)(e)… §B rafael : gabriel : (m)---… §C uasus krst : mariua : gæt min (f)…
§A Agla. Guð. Sator, are[po] §B Raphael, Gabriel M[ichael] §C Jesus Kristr. María gæt mín. …
”§A Agla. ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord). God. Sator, arepo.(= from the 'Devil's Square' palindrome: Sator, Arepo, Tenet, Opera, Rotas). §B Raphael, Gabriel, Michael. §C Jesus Christ. Mary, protect me …”
§A teo^nesius · ioha^nes · serafiho^n §B --us masifia^nesus : tenisius o §C sussbissusbirumæþano^le
§A Dionysius, Johannes, Serapion §B [Malch]us, Maximianus, Dionysius … §C …
”§A Dionysius, Johannes, Serapion, §B Malchus, Maximianus, Dionysius … §C …”
§A suspissuspiriure(s)(n)^oli ok a^r¶ton ⁓ iio[h]a^nis ma^rkus ma^þios lukas o^ræei §B þ(o)(y)s(o)(i)(p)ie(æ)eþnnkoapnac(s)ia ¶ a^ue ma^ria (t)isus kristr a^ue ma^ria
§A … ok arreton. Johannes, Marcus, Matthæus, Lucas. Orate. §B … Ave Maria, Jesus Kristr. Ave Maria.
”§A … and arreton (divine). John, Mark, Matthew, Luke. Pray! §B … Hail Mary. Jesus Christ. Hail Mary.”
§A suebsicuisubiriumeþo^n(l)(i)um §B agla delaon ·
§A … §B agla …
”§A … §B agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) …”
§A sator ⁓ arebo ⁓ teneþ ⁓ obera ⁓ rotas §B æekræ r⁓kre ærman numænsiknumt æram r §C æekræ r:kre ærman numænsiknumt æram §D koncummatum æct ¶ klas a
§A sator arepo tenet opera rotas §B Acre, acre ærnem … ærnem … §C Acre, acre ærnem … ærnem §D Consummatum est. Klas á
”§A Sator, Arepo, Tenet, Opera, Rotas (= from the 'Devil's Square' palindrome). §B <acre acre ærnem> … <ærnem> … §C <acre acre ærnem> … <ærnem> §D It is fulfilled. Klas owns.”
§A …--(a)--(n)pan(t)^kno ⁓ kae ⁓ amen in(q)^ninikolaia ⁓ nknaa §B …n-- (u)a-ete in domino §C onalcuilia
§A … … Amen. Nikolai(?) … §B … Va[l]ete in Domino §C …
”§A … Amen. Nikolai(?) … §B … Fare well in the Lord! §C …”
§A benatit ⁓ ¶ ⁓ marhret ¶ ⁓ a⁓g⁓l⁓a⁓l agla ⁓ -l^nbastii §B ⁓ ag⁓l⁓a ⁓⁓⁓ (b)a · flkarel ⁓ ¶ ⁓ a⁓g⁓la ¶ ⁓ (b)ara^þoles ⁓
§A Benedit Margret. Agla, agla … §B Agla … … agla …
”§A Benedit, Margret. Agla, agla … §B agla … agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) …”
§A ⁓ a⁓g⁓l⁓a ⁓ a⁓g⁓l⁓a ⁓ §B ⁓ a⁓g⁓l ⁓ laua : loahki
§A Agla, agla §B agla … …
”§A agla agla §B agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) …”
§A þu irt ør §B bo(b)(i)nafibobæshaf(i)(b)(o)…
§A Þú ert œr/œrr. §B …
”§A You are crazy. §B …”
§A …(r)(o)(a)s · u · uas · r · bas : la^ua^re : ma^riuas ¶ na^u^þ §B …
§A … … vas … … lavare … nauð(?) §B …
”§A … vessel … to wash … need(?) §B …”
§A amoþ : oþo : oþum : roma §B lus : rota : kyua : mus
§A … … … … §B … … … …
”§A … §B …”
…-(o)^r(e)aa · þn(i) : tsemut(o)muinok : ioigannisabsic(a)^msic
… … … …
”…”
§A ⁓ hau⁓grimi : felag ⁓ sinum ⁓ sen⁓dir ⁓ þorer ⁓ fagr ⁓ (k)æiþ⁓iu ⁓ guþs ⁓ ok ⁓ si⁓nn^a ⁓ san:na^n : flaskap ⁓ ok uinato mart skorter §B mik felag eki : er · mun:gatet æin⁓ki : fis:ka^r:nir ⁓ uil ⁓ ek : at ⁓ þu · uitir ⁓ en ⁓ ægi : kræf §C þu biþ : bondan^n koma suþr til^l uar ok sia hut os liþr egga ha^n til en kræf þu eiskis luta mer ok ægi la þu §D þostæin lan^k uita sen mer hacka nokora eu ⁓ sigriþ þæru nokos þa bioþ henne hiit þu mer ekki ueta hyþ ua^laþi
§A Hafgrími, félag sínum, sendir Þórir Fagr kveðju Guðs ok sína, sannan félagskap ok vináttu. Mart skortir §B mik, félagi! Ekki er mungátit, eingi fiskarnir. Vil ek at þú vitir, en eigi kref §C þú. Bið bóndann koma suðr til vár ok sjá hvat oss líðr. Eggja hann til, en kref þú einskis hluta mér, ok eigi lát þú §D Þorstein Lang vita. Send mér hanzka nǫkkura. Ef Sigríðr þarf nǫkurs, þá bjóð henni. Heit þú mér ekki vetta hýð válaði.
”§A Þórir the Fair sends to Hafgrímr his partner his own and God's greeting, and true partnership and friendship. I am lacking much, §B partner; there is no beer, nor fish. I want you to know this, and not make demands. §C Order the husbandman to come south to us and see how we are suffering. Urge him to it, and don't make demands for more lots from me; and do not let §D Þorsteinn Long know. Send me some gloves. If Sigríðr is in need of anything, then offer her. Promise that you will not beat me (at all) for my poverty!”
§A ⁓ lun(a)næyu hu(i)spræyiu sinni sint-… … §B guþs ok sinna ek uil at otu kapp-… … §C skreiþar er þu fær nokkora mor…---… ---- §D eigi er oftyr
§A Lunaneyju, húsfreyju sinni, send[ir] … §B Guðs ok sína. Ek vil at Óttu Kapp[a]/Kap[alein] … §C skreiðar, er þú fær nǫkkura mór[enda(?) váð(?)] §D eigi er ofdýr.
”§A … sends to Lunaney, his wife, … §B his and God's. I want Ótto the champion/chaplain … §C stock-fish, (for) which you will get some russet(?) cloth(?) §D … is not overpriced.”
§A ⁓ æin^nriþi ⁓ þeta ⁓ at| |tu mer at gia^l^lda ⁓ tua mæla ok ⁓ þriu sa^lld ⁓ en ahngarstihi ⁓ sihta^n mæla §B en þu ska^l^lt ⁓ æin^ndriþi ⁓ taka ⁓ þat ko^nn ⁓ sem ⁓ berþor ⁓ a mer at luka ⁓ eihi min^na ⁓ en sehsta^n mæla §C ska^l^lt| |tu ta^ka ⁓ eþa ⁓ el^lihar : tak þu ehi ⁓ en ⁓ fa^þur min^n ⁓ biþ ek ⁓ a(t) ha^n^n kil^lti ⁓ mer ⁓ þriu sa^l^ld ⁓ i
§A Eindriði. Þetta átt þú mér at gjalda: tvá mæla ok þrjú sáld, en annarstveggi(?) sextán mæla. §B En þú skalt, Eindriði, taka þat korn sem Bergþórr á mér at lúka. Eigi minna en sextán mæla §C skalt þú taka eða elligar tak þú eigi. En fǫður minn bið ek at hann gildi mér þrjú sáld. …
”§A Eindriði! This you owe in payment: two measures and three casks, or else(?) sixteen measures. §B And you should, Eindriði, take the corn which Bergþórr has to discharge. (You should take) no less than sixteen measures §C or otherwise take nothing. And I order my father that he pay me three casks …”
þo^rkæl myntære senter þer pipar
Þorkell Myntari sendir þér pipar.
”Þorkell Moneyer sends you pepper.”
: sikurþr ha^lfan ask : æirikr
Sigurðr: halfan ask. Eiríkr.
”Sigurðr: half an 'ask' (unit of liquid measure). Eiríkr.”
§A helga · aon…-(æ)(k)(e)-… §B (f)(o)(l)(t)(æ)^(l)… ⁓ gu^nna^r : pa^rfæ- : pu^nd : ogmundr · -- · oæ--…
§A Helga/helga … §B … Gunnarr Parve[l](?): pund. Ǫgmundr … …
”§A Helga/Helgi/holy … §B … Gunnarr the Small(?): pound. Ǫgmundr …”
§A bet^r^ ^let| |t^uær mærkr · o^la^fr : þreta^n bu^(n) §B suærþo^lfr --- enku lo…
§A Pétr lét tvær merkr, Ólafr þrettán pund. §B Sverðolfr … engu lo[kit].
”§A Pétr let (gave) two marks, Ólafr thirteen pounds. §B Sverðolfr … nothing discharged.”
§A · (k) · barþr · t^ra^uan : ha^luan : a^nan : øyri : hein:rekr : tuær : ærtogar : brek · i ¶ uihi §B ingimundr : sauþr : ha^lfa : þriþiu : ærtog ¶ uihi §C h- ¶ (h) §D uihi
§A G[oldit](?): Bárðr: trauðan halfan annan eyri. Heinrekr: tvær ertogar brek í. Vígi. §B Ingimundr Sauðr: halfa þriðju ertog. Vígi. §C … … §D Vígi.
”§A Paid(?): Bárðr: scarcely one and a half öre. Heinrekr: two ertogar, fradulently. Vígi/Acknowledged. §B Ingimundr the Sheep: two and a half ertogar. Vígi/Acknowledged. §C … §D Vígi/Acknowledged.”
§A -- halluarþe sloþa þrim (p)-… … §B loþne faus haluan niunnda æyri ok h-…
§A … Hallvarði Slóða: þrim p[und](?) … §B Loðni Faus: halfan níunda eyri, ok …
”§A … To Hallvarðr the Slothful: three pounds(?) … §B To Lodinn the Reckless(?): eight and a half öre and …”
§A … mankerþ : t^ueir : øurar §B … …n:kerþ : tueir : øura^r
§A … manngerð tveir aurar. §B … [ma]nngerð tveir aurar.
”§A … conscription-levy: two öre. §B … conscription-levy: two öre.”
gus… …amur seætr kuæþiu
Gus[ir](?) [S]ámr(?) sendir kveðju.
”Gussir(?) the Dark(?) sends greetings.”
§A … …(r) : þe^r : g(e)^uæþiu^(a) §B …(k) : hene : klofa
§A … [sendi]r þér kveðju. §B … henni glófa.
”§A … sends you greetings. §B … her gloves.”
arni
Árni
”Árni”
arne a
Árni á.
”Árni owns.”
a^rni a
Árni á.
”Árni owns.”
a^rni
Árni
”Árni”
§A arni §B an
§A Árni §B Ánn
”§A Árni §B Ánn”
askær a
Ásgeirr á.
”Ásgeirr owns.”
æuþ-…
Auð…
”Auðr/Auð-…”
binitikt : a
Benedikt á.
”Benedikt owns.”
be^rgsæin
Bergsveinn
”Bergsveinn”
biani a
Bjarni á.
”Bjarni owns.”
botlæifr æ
Bótleifr á.
”Bótleifr owns.”
br--tr a
Br[an]dr á.
”Brandr owns.”
bura(l)mar : a
Búr-Almarr á.
”Storeman-Almarr owns.”
bu ra(u)mar : a
Búi Raumr á.
”Búi the Oaf owns.”
þiþrik
Didrik
”Didrik”
æinar : a
Einarr á.
”Einarr owns.”
æinar a mik
Einarr á mik.
”Einarr owns me.”
æinriþi
Eindriði
”Eindriði”
æinriþi
Eindriði
”Eindriði”
ænri a sek þ(e)na
Eindri[ði] á sekk þenna.
”Eindriði owns this sack.”
æirikr a
Eiríkr á.
”Eiríkr owns.”
æirekr a
Eiríkr á.
”Eiríkr owns.”
æirekr a
Eiríkr á.
”Eiríkr owns.”
æirikr
Eiríkr
”Eiríkr”
ærikr a
Eiríkr á.
”Eiríkr owns.”
æirikr a
Eiríkr á.
”Eiríkr owns.”
æltia^rn · a
Eldjarn á.
”Eldjarn owns.”
ællendr
Erlendr
”Erlendr”
øiulfr a sek þena
Eyjulfr á sekk þenna.
”Eyjulfr owns this sack.”
eo^lfr a ik
Eyjulfr/Þólfr á mik.
”Eyjulfr/Þólfr owns me.”
østæin a
Eysteinn á.
”Eysteinn owns.”
æyuintr
Eyvindr
”Eyvindr”
fiþr a
Finnr á.
”Finnr owns.”
fiþ^r
Finnr
”Finnr”
fþr æ
Finnr á.
”Finnr owns.”
fitr : a : tæta tre
Finnr á þetta tré.
”Finnr owns this wood.”
kisl
Gísl.
”Gísl”
guþmunr : a
Guðmundr á.
”Guðmundr owns.”
kuþmutr a
Guðmundr á.
”Guðmundr owns.”
§A kunar a §B þ u
§A Gunnarr á. §B … …
”§A Gunnarr owns. §B …”
§A kuna^r a §B a
§A Gunnarr á §B á(?)
”§A Gunnarr owns. §B owns(?)”
guna^r a
Gunnarr á.
”Gunnarr owns.”
kunnar : a
Gunnarr á.
”Gunnarr owns.”
gunar a
Gunnarr á.
”Gunnarr owns.”
ha^lta^n a
Halfdan á.
”Halfdan owns.”
§A halto^r §B ka^rs so^nr a
§A Halldórr §B Kárs sonr á.
”§A Halldórr §B Kárr's son owns.”
…alkisl a
[H]allgísl á.
”Hallgísl owns.”
inkiatr · a mik
Ingjaldr á mik.
”Ingjaldr owns me.”
ioa^n
Jóan
”Jóan”
ifar a
Ívarr á.
”Ívarr owns.”
ifar a
Ívarr á.
”Ívarr owns.”
ka^l
Karl
”Karl”
ko^lbi(ø)n a
Kolbjǫrn á.
”Kolbjǫrn owns.”
liutr a
Ljótr á.
”Ljótr owns.”
lucia : grims : toter : a
Lucia Gríms dóttir á.
”Lucia Grímr's daughter owns.”
munan
Munán
”Munán”
nigulas a mik
Nikulás á mik.
”Nikulás owns me.”
olafr a
Ólafr á.
”Ólafr owns.”
urmr a
Ormr á.
”Ormr owns.”
urmr
Ormr
”Ormr”
ormrik
Ormríkr
”Ormríkr”
palne a
Palni á.
”Palni owns.”
rannr a : ka^rn : þætta
Ragnarr á garn þetta.
”Ragnarr owns this yarn.”
runulfr
Rúnulfr
”Rúnulfr”
samr a
Sámr á.
”Sámr owns.”
samr a
Sámr á.
”Sámr owns.”
sih:bal : a
Sigbaldr(?)/Sigvaldr(?) á.
”Sigbaldr(?)/Sigvaldr(?) owns.”
sihuatr r
Sighvatr/Sigvaldr r[eist].
”Sighvatr/Sigvaldr carved.”
(s)(i)go^lfr a
Sigolfr á.
”Sigolfr owns.”
sigriþ a
Sigríðr á.
”Sigríðr owns.”
sihurþær
Sigurðr
”Sigurðr”
…(i)hurþr
[S]igurðr
”Sigurðr”
simun : a mik
Símun á mik.
”Símun owns me.”
sehuni a
Sægunni á.
”Sægunni owns.”
§A couæk a þræþr þisa §B ho^f : fimta mo^rk
§A Sǫlveig á þræðr þessa. §B Hǫlf fimta mǫrk.
”§A Sǫlveig owns these threads. §B Four and a half marks.”
sørkfiþ · a
Sørkviðr(?) á.
”Sørkviðr(?) owns.”
tiutr
Ljótr/Þjóðarr
”Ljótr/Þjóðarr”
tona
Tonna
”Tonna”
þura a mik
Þóra á mik.
”Þóra owns me.”
þoral
Þóraldr
”Þóraldr”
þo^rbio^rn a
Þorbjǫrn á.
”Þorbjǫrn owns.”
þorgæir : a
Þorgeirr á.
”Þorgeirr owns.”
: þo^rgils : a :
Þorgísl á.
”Þorgísl owns.”
þyrkils a
Þorgísl/Þyrgísl á.
”Þorgísl/Þyrgísl owns.”
þo^rgrimr · þufa
Þorgrímr Þúfa
”Þorgrímr the Clump.”
þurha^la^r a
Þórhallr á.
”Þórhallr owns.”
§A þorer : a mik §B (r)aþ
§A Þórir á mik. §B <raþ>
”§A Þórir owns me. §B <raþ>”
þurkæt (a)
Þorkell á.
”Þorkell owns.”
þorlakr a mik
Þorlakr á mik.
”Þorlakr owns me.”
þo^rmo^þr
Þormóðr
”Þormóðr”
§A þorstæin §B (s)iuhorþr
§A Þorsteinn §B Sigurðr
”§A Þorsteinn §B Sigurðr”
§A þorstæin §B sirhorþr
§A Þorsteinn §B Sigurðr
”§A Þorsteinn §B Sigurðr”
þostein : a mek
Þorsteinn á mik.
”Þorsteinn owns me.”
þostin
Þorsteinn
”Þorsteinn”
þo^ruaþr
Þorvarðr
”Þorvarðr”
okmundr
Ǫgmundr
”Ǫgmundr”
§A aulrekr §B heinrekr
§A Ǫlrekr §B Heinrekr
”§A Ǫlrekr §B Heinrekr”
oluir a
Ǫlvir á.
”Ǫlvir owns.”
…--(s)(æ)-(s)(i)(n) a mik
… á mik.
”… owns me.”
þa-(a)-al^l
…
”…”
bl/br/bu
…
”…”
de^(l)us
…
”…”
§A …glamar(o)--(r)(a)(i)(l)-(i)naohao(o)(g)lama^rku ¶ …---tha-(m)thi--pppalfai… §B + a + imisanma^ko^u §C +' agl(a) ma^ræm(i)taim(æ)r---…f(o)glama^r-- ¶ agla m(o)^(r)mi(t)(a)imæ + §D airia ⁓ miso^n
§A … … §B … … §C Agla … Agla … §D … …
”§A … §B … §C Agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) … Agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) … §D …”
§A …krcbnakrctinakrcætþøsomorþkuekatþersmstamariakua(a) se(r)þ(þ)(r)(k)(h)(i)na(u)(l)-… §B …-kuslukseuhneimaþiustomenmostkeskritutmmuttrotminhtmæltrþaeþsaihstamum…
§A … … §B …
”§A … §B …”
þunrau----
…
”…”
þorbhr þo^rstæinssu^nr bar stæin
Þorbergr Þorsteinssonr bar stein.
”Þorbergr Þorsteinn's son carried the stone.”
§A ⁓⁓⁓⁓⁓⁓⁓⁓⁓⁓ §B (u)(i)olkp(u)sisteiust(y)isis §C -rku^(u)s nukaus mælkus §D t¶¶itragramalon amui(n)
§A … §B … §C Marcus, Lucas, Matthæus(?). §D Tetragrammaton. Amen
”§A … §B … §C Mark, Luke, Matthew(?). §D Tetragrammaton. Amen.”
-l ¶ fuþ(o)rkhniastblmy ¶ ----
… <fuþorkhniastblmy> …
”… <fuþorkhniastblmy> …”
§A nikulos a^n ko^no^ ^þeiri uæl er gyriþ hei(t)er stiufdoter ⁓ §B pit(a)srahnu
§A Nikulás ann konu þeirri vel er Gýríðr heitir, stjúpdóttir §B Pitas-Rǫgnu
”§A Nikulás loves well the woman called Gýríðr, step-daughter of §B Pitas-Rǫgnu.”
+ akla +
Agla
”Agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord).”
a ria k
A[ve] [Ma]ria g[ratia]
”Hail Mary full of grace”
…--s · -- · sin · -…
… … sinn …
”… his …”
§A -uki : os^a : b : r^aisþ^a : u^ar : aft : -^t-a^þ : -(i)- : nafis §B : þo : is : o(s)(i) : --- : þ^aþa^n : (a)(u)- -u^a : staina : þisa : -----
§A <-uki> Ása b[róðir] reista vǫr ept <-^t-a^þ>, … Nefis, §B þá es Ási [fló(?)] þaðan o[k] [s]vá steina þessa [kenniligu(?)].
”§A … §B …”
× þurir × raicti × ctain × þana × aftir × (i)kul × bruþur cin
Þórir reisti stein þenna eptir Ígul, bróður sinn.
”Þórir raised this stone in memory of Ígull, his brother.”
fuþo^rkhnias(t)bmly
<fuþorkhniastbmly>
”<fuþorkhniastbmly>”
þosten a^ ^mik
Þorsteinn á mik.
”Þorsteinn owns me.”
§A fuþorkhniastblm --(æ)istþ(n)iobuþ(t)(æ) §B itubþæaya^nana(e)iasaiastaþn
§A <fuþorkhniastblm> … §B …
”§A <fuþorkhniastblm> … §B …”
…ti · marki
[se]tti/[reis]ti merki
”placed/raised the landmark.”
+ akli × ricti × ctin aiftir × ulf ----¶r cin ×
Akli reisti stein eptir Ulf, [bróðu]r sinn.
”Akli raised the stone in memory of Ulfr his brother.”
§A -(i)um nam ik þita þ(i) (:) fe fu fa fø §B fuþo`r´khnieø-sbpmtlæy §C fat-atratkatnatpatbatmat
§A … nam ek þetta því: fe fu fa fø §B <fuþork…> §C …
”§A I learned this therefore: fe fu fa fø. §B <fuþork…> §C …”
fuþorkhn(i)(l)(t)(m)(y)
<fuþorkhniltmy>
”<fuþorkhniltmy>”
§A domine kon?e?(u)md-- - §B pa?t
§A Domine … … §B …
”§A Lord … §B …”
kuþ ⁓ maria
Guð Maria
”God Mary.”
(p)atærnostær
Paternoster
”Our Father”
kþur
…
”…”
iuar
Ívarr
”ívarr.”
ri(k)^(r)(a)^r · a m(a)(g)
Rikarðr á mik.
”Rikarðr owns me.”
§A ⁓ þoraaklarakaramttoi ⁓ §B ⁓ ai(a)rakaramttoi ⁓ a^klakuþi ⁓ §C ⁓ akla ⁓ rakaramattokuþ ⁓ §D ⁓ aiarakaramttoii ⁓ kuþi ⁓
§A … §B … … §C Agla … §D … …
”§A … §B … §C Agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) … §D …”
§A uak(a)t : hæfi ek ala not · ok æ-h- -… §B ængi st^riþa nu sem ia^rlsins m(i)n(n) -…
§A Vakat hefi ek alla nótt, ok e[i]g[i] … §B … stríða nú, sem jarlsins menn …
”§A I have kept vigil all night, and not … §B battle now, as the earls men …”
o^la^fr a mik
Ólafr á mik.
”Ólafr owns me.”
§A (b)(e)n(e)(t)iktuc a §B fuþo
§A Benediktus á. §B <fuþo[rk]>
”§A Benedictus owns (me). §B <fuþork>”
§A an sa × þer × es × risti × runa þesar × þortis §B þora ek kan kilia
§A Ann sá þér, er risti rúnar þessar, Þordís! §B Þóra! Ek kann gilja.
”§A He who carved these runes loves you, Þordís! §B Þóra! I can beguile (any woman).”
karl
Karl
”Karl.”
utarkr · reis
… …
”…”
§A æilifr · uiri·uæhr · a mek · mit : stæin:grimr : ha^fum : mælt : ma^rt : o^kka^r imilli : firir : þa so^k : at ek : uil : nema : a^f þi : runa^r : §B eaa^uo : knor : ek : spu:r þek : uilt · tu · gifta · mer · æina·þa · en · þa^r er : <þisar> mrthkiiiiissssstttttiiiiilllll · §C æ t þ f f s s a n t æ t þ f f s s a n t §D : þa^u : ero : bæþe : i buþ : saman : kla^uua:kare : o^k : ko^na : uilia^lms : hæil^lþu : hæil^l · sæl · þu · þa §E -------
§A Eilífr Virðivægr á mik. Vit Steingrímr hǫfum mælt mart okkar ímilli fyrir þá sǫk at ek vil nema af því rúnar. §B … … ek spyr þik: vilt þú gipta mér einaþá er þar er, þessar, <mistill/ristill/tistill/histill/kistill> §C e[inn], t[veir], þ[rír], f[jórir], f[imm], s[ex], s[jau], á[tta], n[íu], t[íu], e[llifu], t[olf], þ[rettán], f[jórtán], f[imtán], s[extán], s[jautján], á[ttján], n[ítján], t[uttugu] §D Þau eru bæði í búð saman Klaufa-Kári ok kona Viljalms … Heit sæl/sæll þú þá. §E …
”§A Eilífr the Worthy owns me. We two, Steingrímr and I, have spoken much between ourselves for the reason that I want take/learn runes of it. §B … …, I ask you: do you want to marry me, one of these these: mistletoe, ploughshare, 'tistill', 'histill', casket. §C One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty. §D They are both lodging together, Clumsy-Kári and Vilhjalm's wife. Hail! Hail and good fortune to you then! §E …”
kYs mik
Kyss mik.
”Kiss me.”
+ kkaa(n)^(n) +
…
”…”
bm(t)(o)^(k)
…
”…”
sbita
spýta
”stick/(wooden) pin”
ø^þøæøæøææ
…
”…”
(k)hrþar
…
”…”
-t · þo · uar · en · fl(a)-
… þó var in/inn …
”… it was nevertheless …”
l-þur
L[ó]ðurr(?)
”Lóðurr”
§A onp{N}(þ) §B akla ⁓ a ⁓ ak(l)-
§A … §B Agla … Agl[a]
”§A … §B Agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) … agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord)”
§A -(k) · (b)ilr §B ------- §C þoir §D latir
§A … … §B … §C … §D …
”§A … §B … §C … §D …”
sak(s)i : kirþi kous ¶ þaka firir · sal(o) mouþor sinar ¶ þou(r)riþi · bru þisa +
Saxi gerði, Guðs þakka, fyrir sálu móður sinnar, Þorríði, brú þessa.
”Saxi made this bridge for the soul of his mother Þorríðr as thanks to God.”
f(u)
…
”…”
amundi a mik
Ámundi á mik.
”Ámundi owns me.”
suanpora-
…
”…”
ø þo^rgæir
… Þorgeirr
”… Þorgeirr”
guþ er als
Guð er alls.
”God is all (powerful).”
§A f…-…(r)(k)(h)…(s)(t)b(m)my §B fuþ(o)---(h)…--(s)(t)-my ⁓
§A <f[uþo]rkh[nia]stblmy> §B <fuþo[rk]h[nia]st[bl]my>
”§A <fuþorkhniastblmy> §B <fuþorkhniastblmy>”
aue maria gracia plena dominus tekum benedicta tu in mulieribus
Ave Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum. Benedicta tu in mulieribus.
”Hail Mary, full of grace. The Lord is with Thee: blessed art Thou among women.”
§A unas §B øl ælæntr ¶ þusi
§A Únáss §B … Erlendr, Þursi(?).
”§A Únáss §B … Erlendr, Giant(?).”
? <fuþoo>
… <fuþo[rk]>(?)
”fuþork”
Ya^nba^lþm^mt
…
”…”
fu
<fu>
”…”
-tatifb-
…
”…”
§A markus maþios lukas rafelesen §B gafeles gabeles iohanes §C faofaifaufauaonima §D suspespisuskurusifihsusam
§A Marcus Matthæus Lucas Raphael §B … … Johannes §C … §D …
”§A Mark, Matthew, Luke, Rafael §B … John … §C … §D …”
§A ⁓ pate^r nostær gui §B es i clis maþeu ⁓ §C markus lukas §D au maria gracia
§A Pater noster qui §B es in cœlis. Matthæus, §C Marcus, Lucas §D Ave Maria gratia.
”§A Our Father who §B art in Heaven. Matthew, §C Mark, Luke. §D Hail Mary, (full of) grace.”
§A … --niam o^rta^n(t)o kom- §B -ro §C -facie(t) sta^n(t) o^r-
§A … [quo]niam (h)ortando com… §B … §C faciet stant(?) or…
”§A … quoniam (h)ortando com-… §B … §C faciet stant(?) or-…”
§A -a^ua^rþær : cender : g(u)----- : (g)-(þ)ærs : kueþiu : ok sina^ ^uigan §B ok nu er min fuler uili : at : biþia þin : ef þu uilt : æihi meþ §C -b(æ)ini : ue(r)- : ---a : þit ra^þ : ok lat (s)(e)hia mer §D þin uilia
§A [H]ávarðr sendir … G[u]ðs kveðju ok sína vingan. §B Ok nú er minn fullr vili at biðja þín, ef þú vilt eigi með §C [Kol]beini ver[a]. [Hug]a þitt ráð, ok lát segja mér §D þinn vilja.
”§A Hávarðr sends Guny/Gunnhildr(?) his friendship and Gods greeting. §B And now it is my full desire to ask you (for your hand in marriage), if you do not want to be with §C Kolbeinn. Think over your intentions … and have me told §D your desire.”
a^k an kuþ
Ek ann Guð.
”I love God.”
nynþba^l
…
”…”
§A kyr(e)r(o)ta ioha^n¶¶næs §B marcus §C lu¶¶cas matþias pax §D porta^ndis salus
§A … Johannes, §B Marcus, §C Lucas, Matthias/Matthæus. Pax §D portanti! Salus
”§A … John, §B Mark, §C Luke, Matthew. Peace §D for the bearer! Health! (and happiness to the bearer)!”
her(h)-
…
”…”
kunnar
Gunnarr
”Gunnarr”
· h · ·
…
”…”
recl(e)t^ku^æ
…
”…”
munaman-k(þ)(a)-(s)(u)(r)--(y)--(u)r---auhr(f)(o)(t)
…
”…”
kuþ gæ
Guð gæ[ti].
”May God protect.”
guþ g
Guð g[æti].
”May God protect.”
gud gæte
Guð gæti.
”May God protect.”
ur(þ) · · b(u)ra^p
… …
”…”
knucmæsodahr --------
Knútsmessudagr …
”Knútrs-mass-day …”
sih^urþr ⁓ reist^ ^r^una^r þessa^r
Sigurðr reist rúnar þessar.
”Sigurðr carved these runes.”
nikolas
Nikulás.
”Nikulás.”
æias(b)ii
…
”…”
þo^rs-æino-su(h)--(r)i-a--rþaþrs--aþæirhæilirbaþ(i)simþatr(s)(i)t
…
”…”
þorgarima^r : hla:sun : ræ(s)t : runa^r þesa^r
Þorgrímr Hallasonr/Hallssonr reist rúnar þessar.
”Þorgrímr Hallasonr/Hallssonr carved these runes.”
§A (+) þo^re^r ka^lfr ræst runa^r þesa^r a^lsua^lta^nt kuþ bæini firi §B h^onom
§A Þórir Kalfr reist rúnar þessar, allsvaldandi Guð beini fyrir §B honum.
”§A Þórir Calf carved these runes; may almighty God aid §B him.”
(y)u(n)þ
…
”…”
-hihæltrinra hans
… hans
”… his …”
§A martæn brestr a þeta §B søkhus
§A Marteinn prestr á þetta §B sǫnghús.
”§A Marteinn priest owns this §B sanctuary.”
§A suæfn banar mer : sot er bna §B fion sfinkata : fials ibui §C hect ærfaþe : øuk huhis hui¶¶(t)i §D ⁓ þrls unsæla ⁓ þt sklu raþa
§A Svefn bannar mér, sótt er barna, §B fjón svinkanda, fjalls íbúi, §C hests erfaði, ok heys víti, §D þræls vansæla. Þat skulu ráða.
”Jeg får ikke sove, det er barns sykdom den arbeidendes hat fjellets beboer hestens slit og høyets skade trellens ulykke det skal de/man tyde”
aue
Ave
”Hail”
(r)ifro^n(r)
…
”…”
iæuyasrtin
…
”…”
is ur ar : ræiþ(^iuar) <rais>…
Íss, úr, ár, reið(=Ívarr) reis[t].
”Íss, úr, ár, reið (= Ívarr) carved.”
§A kambr : kuþr uasi a §B ifir/if(a)r a
§A Kambr góðr vási á. §B Ívarr á.
”§A Good comb for tangles. §B Ívarr owns.”
§A kambr : kuþr uasi a
§A Kambr góðr. Vási á.
”§A The good comb. Vási owns.”
…-(u)--…(h)a ⁓ a kapalæin
… á kapalein/kapaleinn.
”… owns the chaplain / the chaplain owns …”
§A fu §B a^n^n
§A <fu[þork]>(?) §B …
”§A <fuþork>(?) §B …”
§A -ilium §B (f)/?
§A [þ]iljum/[v]iljum §B …
”§A þiljum/viljum §B …”
§A gy⁓þa ¶ g(u)(þ):r(u)(n) §B æld⁓riþ §C fuþorkhniastbml(y)
§A Gyða, Guðrún §B Eldríðr §C <fuþorkhniastbmly>
”§A Gyða, Guðrún §B Eldríðr §C <fuþorkhniastbmly>”
o^c^æ
Ása
”Ása”
otr
Oddr(?)
”Oddr(?)”
…ra^u^nsbe^r(e^gr)e^næ^er(ki) r^una^r
… rúnar
”… runes”
§A ⁓ ka^þ(a^n^n)`n´a^þ`k´m`a´a^þ`k´a^þþ^þþnþa^þnp ⁓ §B ⁓ nkhpna^þa^þn(a^n^n)my`k´rp⁓n⁓ §C (y) + kr`k´a^þka^þþ^þþynhpnra
§A … §B … §C … …
”§A … §B … §C …”
§A … --kop kredo -- hel(y) --- §B -t^ren^n soter ag-- §C - æi(a) deus- §D agla lond^u §E agla ala-
§A … [Ja]cob(?), Credo … Hely … §B … Soter, Ag[ios] §C … Eia. Deus §D Agla <londu>, §E Agla, Agla.
”§A … Jacob(?), Credo … Hely … §B … Soter, Agios §C … Eia. Deus §D Agla <londu>, §E Agla, Agla. ('agla'= Thou art strong in eternity, Lord).”
§B + a·g·la · pater §A n¶¶oster · ki es in ¶ celis sanctificet^u^r §B nomen t^uum · aduenia¶¶tþ §A regnum t^u¶um (f)-(þ) §B uoluntas t^u ¶ -(k)ut^þ in clo æþ §A … -(r)ra · siþ supe¶r nos · ab omn¶¶ni §B ma^lo am¶¶men §A (a)^(l)(f)a · aiþonai ·+ §B a¶¶bracalara · + abraca · + a^braca · + a^bra · §A pah · no¶bis · (a)(b) om¶¶ni §B malo am¶men
§B Agla. Pater §A noster, qui es in cœlis. Sanctificetur §B nomen tuum. Adveniat §A regnum tuum. F[ia]t §B voluntas tua [si]cut in cœlo, et §A [in te]rra. Sit super nos! Ab omni §B malo, amen. §A Alpha(?), Adonai. §B Abracalara, abraca, abraca, abra. §A Pax nobis! Ab omni §B malo, amen.
”Agla (= Thou art strong in eternity, Lord). Our Father who art in Heaven, Hallowed be thy Name. Let Thy Kingdom come. Let Thy Will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. This (the cross) be over us. From all evil, amen. Alpha(?), Lord. Abracalara, abraca, abraca, abra. Peace for us! From all evil, amen.”
§A þarai + §B --u ⁓⁓⁓ fao ⁓⁓
§A … §B … …
”§A … §B …”
⁓ abcdefghiklmnopkrstu
<abcdefghiklmnopqrstu>
”abcdefghiklmnopqrstu”
arni a
Árni á.
”Árni owns.”
§A kolbiorn a §B culr
§A Kolbjǫrn á §B Sullr.
”§A Kolbjǫrn owns §B of Sullr(?) / the swelling(?)”
hoskulr a
Hǫskuldr á.
”Hǫskuldr owns.”
§A nt^(n)rmnt^n þly(s) §B (a^n) n
§A … … §B … …
”§A … §B …”
§A ⁓ þora : a mik : ok ho^n §B g(e)rþi mik --- §C (m)
§A Þóra á mik ok hon §B gerði mik. … §C …
”§A Þóra owns me and she §B made me. … §C …”
iluhi a
Illugi á.
”Illugi owns.”
antres a mik
Andrés á mik.
”Andrés owns me.”
kunar ⁓ a
Gunnarr á.
”Gunnarr owns.”
þo^r(þ)
Þórðr/Þórr
”Þórðr/Þórr”
halr · a
Hallr á.
”Hallr owns.”
§A iorn fuþor----astblmeø (e)hane §B fuþorkhniaslblmeø
§A Jórunn/Ǫrn <fuþor[khn]iastblmeø> Hani §B <fuþorkhniastblmeø>
”§A Jórunn/Ǫrn fuþorkhnniastblmeø Hani §B <fuþorkhniastblmeø>”
§A kroa^l · · þ · · §B kkþþrraaan^n ·
§A … … §B …
”§A … §B …”
§A sa skYli : runar : rista : ir (r)a (u)(i)l : §B (c)unni : þat^ ^uirr : mo^rgum : ma^nni : at §C so
§A Sá skyli rúnar rísta, er ráða(?) vel §B kunni. Þat verðr mǫrgum manni, at §C …
”He should carve runes who can understand(?) them well; it happens to many a man, that …(?).”
§A × §B þ(o)
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
§A spyr actriþi h-… §B --- act -…
§A Spyr Ástríði … §B … ást …
”§A Ask Ástríðr … §B … love …”
krekores
Gregores
”Gregores”
ari a
Ari á.
”Ari owns.”
ærligr a
Erlingr á.
”Erlingr owns.”
§A illt er mer nu · iYar · goþa : kuþ : bø-(-) : þ(e)r · - §B ek · hugi : at · firir · se komet · o^pt · (r)(o)-(-)(t)(a)(o)(l)-f(s)d-
§A Illt er mér nú, Ívarr, góða, Guð bø … … §B Ek hugi at fyrir sé komit opt …
”§A I am in a bad way now, Ívarr, concerning friendship/earnings. God prayer(?) … §B I think that ??? often stands in …'s way.”
§A barþr a §B ha^llkrimsso^nr
§A Bárðr á §B Hallgrímssonr.
”§A Bárðr owns, §B Hallgrímsson.”
… …po tnþt opera rotas
[sator are]po tenet opera rotas
”Sator, Arepo, Tenet, Opera, Rotas (= from the 'Devil's Square' palindrome).”
§A ⁓ a⁓g⁓a^l⁓a ⁓ §B a⁓glal a^gla ⁓
§A Agla §B Agla Agla
”§A Agla … ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) §B Agla Agla”
fifafufofyfi
…
”…”
§A kina : ræist runar þesa^r : friakoælt §B × fþuorkhniactbmly × lio(n)a §C þat er mǫnǫþruo^rmǫnǫþrti
§A Ginna/Gína reist rúnar þessar … §B <fþuorkhniactbmly> … §C Þat er …
”§A Ginna/Gína carved these runes. … §B <fþuorkhniactbmly> §C That is …”
§A ⁓ a^gla ⁓ a^gla ⁓ §B ⁓ a^gla ⁓ a^gla ⁓ §C ⁓ --(a)^(r)iu(f)(a)^(u)(a)l(a) + (e)l ⁓ §D ⁓ (a)gla ⁓⁓ --(a)ia^gios
§A Agla Agla §B Agla Agla §C … … §D Agla …
”§A Agla Agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) §B Agla Agla §C … §D Agla …”
§A a §B kuna^r a
§A … §B Gunnarr á.
”§A … §B Gunnarr owns.”
a^rni a
Árni á.
”Árni owns.”
(t)(u)rfi auk burkr
Torfi ok Bǫrkr.
”Torfi and Bǫrkr.”
s(e)kr min
Sigr minn.
”My victory”
§A (æ)(r)i sa (e)a (e)r i sa sa sik sa sa (e)r i sa sa §B ælæt^r ræit^ ^runa^r þ(e)sa^r : (m)ah(i)it(r)
§A … sá sá er í sá sá? Sik sá sá er í sá sá. §B Erlendr(?) reit rúnar þessar, magistr(?).
”§A … §B Erlendr(?) wrote these runes, magister(?).”
hrifla a
Hrifla á.
”Hrifla owns.”
þiuþar ⁓ a
Þjóðarr á.
”Þjóðarr owns.”
fuþorkhniastbmly
<fuþorkhniastbmly>
”<fuþorkhniastbmly>”
§A l(y)kil s(k) §B s(k)
§A Lykill … §B …
”§A key … §B …”
a barþr sihurþarsonr
Á Bárðr Sigurðarsonr.
”Hagbarðr Sigurðarsonr owns.”
iuar : ræist : runar : þæsar : her : ero : þaer : uer : uaromn þorstæin-
Ívarr reist rúnar þessar. Hér eru þeir(?) … várum(?) Þorsteinn/Þorstein[s]
”Ívarr carved these runes. Here they are … our Þorsteinn/þorsteins..”
lutr
hlutr
”amulet”
iurlurukiaikuaitu
…
”…”
§A bater · nuster · kui es in seli : santibisetur §B suæen : ouþunar : sunr : ræist : r`u´nar : þesar §C fuþorkh
§A Pater noster qui es in cœlis, sanctificetur. §B Sveinn Auðunar sonr reist rúnar þessar. §C <fuþorkh[nias]>
”§A Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be §B Sveinn Auðun's son carved these runes. §C <fuþorkhnias>”
…-lt · es · uer · …
… er vér …
”…”
ku- : n · ---(i)i
… … …
”…”
…as tbmly
<[hni]as> <tbmly>
”<hniastbmly>”
§A --n : þurkrimr ⁓ kuþmutr ⁓ suin ⁓ §B ----(h) : krimr §C -h(a)lki(a)---
§A … Þorgrímr, Guðmundr, Sveinn §B … Grímr §C …
”§A … Þorgrímr, Guðmundr, Sveinn §B … Grímr §C …”
kirir a
Gyríðr(?) á.
”Gyríðr(?) owns.”
§A (×) irik : ak : iui : kumukis-irl(t)il × §B × (r)-(u) : i(r)(n)uhi------(r)uar(n)(i)sr
§A Eirík ok … … §B … …
”§A Eirík and … §B …”
-(i)rþ(e)unana
…
”…”
§A …ifr : lota : ahtuaþr : bryþn- §B …(i) : fiortif : iohanko-…
§A … … … … §B … … …
”§A … §B …”
§A kari : kral : s(r)fuyu (×) §B × uras(t)anrþaanik
§A … … … §B …
”§A … §B …”
(e)na^r(k)--r(s) · (s)(n)--(l)(t)
… …
”…”
þurkair (r)a(i)s(t)
Þorgeirr reist.
”Þorgeirr carved.”
ia^urusalem nekoe kon(k)(r)idit^ur ino^riu^m a^m^e^n
Jerusalem neque congreditur/concreditur, inorium(?), amen.
”Jerusalem! Not even in the barn / to the attic does it congregate / is it admitted(?). Amen.”
§A fuþor §B iuar a suirþ
§A <fuþor[k]> §B Ívarr/Jóarr á sverð.
”§A <fuþork> §B Ívarr/Jóarr owns the sword.”
§A il(i)r : men : æro : þeir : er a:mela §B os
§A Illir menn eru þeir er ámæla §B oss.
”§A Evil men are they who slander/criticize §B us.”
kkk · kk · kkkk · k
… … … …
”…”
- × -þu(u) × þ
… … …
”…”
amb(a^l)
…
”…”
§A …pa^rsin- --ka^r(e)t^ro(s)s-----… ¶ …(e)gents-sumote · in^lu---s-nka(k)e-… ¶ …o^rdan · go^rdin · ingo^r--- §B …k(a)… …(k)--…
§A … … … … [G]ordan, gordin, ingor[dan]. §B … …
”§A … Gordan, gordin, ingordan. §B …”
a^lrf(e)(t)i(n)n(æ)
…
”…”
§A fuþ §B +
§A fuð §B …
”§A cunt §B …”
þorþr × ræit i runar
Þórðr reit í rúnar.
”Þorðr carved in the runes.”
§A asa × an × st- §B ek × uæit
§A Ása ann <st->. §B Ek veit.
”§A Ása loves <st->. §B I know.”
§A fro §B <raþ> <þat>
§A fró §B Ráð þat!
”§A Alleviation/Help/Relief §B Interpret that/this!”
”§A Lindring/hjelp råd/gi råd §B Tyd dette!”
(k)(k)i(k)fr
…
”…”
-(u)(i)þrr(i)tyir
…
”…”
fuþorkhniastblmy
<fuþorkhniastblmy>
”<fuþorkhniastblmy>”
asa
Ása
”Ása”
fuþorkhniastbmly
<fuþorkhniastbmly>
”<fuþorkhniastbmly>”
æirika^r rit mer : runa^r
Eiríkr, rít mér rúnar!
”Eiríkr, write me runes!”
§A a(a)---(s) §B lonk(i)aaiu : rumkrira(o)m-(r)u-e(i)u(i) §C a------ s(o)(n)ut(i)s s(o)pie akie æþ kienkie l(a)tus
§A … §B … … §C … salutis(?) sopiet(?)/sophiae(?) … et(?) … latus(?)
”§A … §B … §C … health's(?) from(?)/visdom(?) … and … side(?)”
§A uiltu ei nada mi{K} so taci þi{K} §B fien¶¶den amen
§A Viltu ei náða mi{k}, só taki þi{k} §B fján¶¶dinn! Amen!
”If you wont show me grace/protect me, then may the devil take you. Amen.”
intiberc min -e-seta nada mi{K}
Ingibjærg(?) mín … náða mi{k}.
”My Ingibjærg(?), show me grace.”
þurfriþr
Þorfríðr/Þorfriðr
”Þorfríðr/Þorfriðr”
þura
Þóra
”Þóra”
sluþi
Slóði
”Slóði”
(i)(k)ih : þ(e)rþuk
… …
”…”
maksnaksba{H}
…
”…”
§A fuþorkhniastbmly §B fuþoi §C -bi(o)-(t)(a)
§A <fuþorkhniastbmly> §B <fuþoi> §C …
”§A <fuþorkhniastbmly> §B <fuþoi> §C …”
asb(i)(o)n
Ásbjǫrn
”Ásbjǫrn”
ssþlrþnmrr(s)sræni(s)(s)k
…
”…”
-(i)s iuii-s
… …
”…”
§A -bkrain ⁓+ kul · rasti · stn · þin¶¶a §B fYr · shot · hok salu : þuris o- §C (u)(k) þr stati r (h)at þosi baþ(i) - §D -(n)l(h) : an þa man biþh : hislar
§A … Kolr reisti stein þenna §B fyrir ǫnd ok sálu Þóris … §C rún(?) þar(?) standi(?) er(?) ept(?) þessi bæði … §D … en þá man bíða …
”§A … Koll raised the stone §B for Þórir's spirit and soul … §C rune(?) may stand(?) there(?) in memory of(?) both of them … §D … and then one prays …”
§A -(r) · asck · ga §B -(t)bua · ui §C -a · læggia §D -- · man · ok §E --ota · glæþ
§A … … … §B … … §C … … §D … … … §E … …
”§A … §B … §C … §D … §E …”
cubiærn ⁓ hn cahþ fyrct lhnknæ
Sigbjǫrn(?) hann(?) sagði(?) fyrst(?) …
”Sigbjǫrn he said first …”
a^ni a
Árni á.
”Árni owns.”
§A … …(æ)ins · sonar ¶ ckula : sonar · §B … …-r · þesar · þa es han for (a)…
§A … [Sv]eins sonar Skúla sonar §B … [rúna]r þessar þá er hann fór …
”§A … Sveins son, son of Skúli §B … these runes(?) when he travelled …”
urs ibi(r)s (u)r aukuin · ur i isu biu(k)u
Úr's/ýr's yfir's ýr hǫggvinn. Ýr í esju bjúgu.
”u (wild ox) / y (yew-tree) is cut over y (yew-tree). y (yew-tree) in the curved soapstone(?).”
a^ui
Ave.
”Hail”
fuþor^k
<fuþork>
”<fuþork>”
iilliin
ilin
”sole of the foot(?)”
§A × uintau(g)a ⁓ a^lokaþ s þita × §B uitauki · loka-
§A Vindauga álokað(?) er þetta. §B Vindauga loka[ð].
”§A Window <alokaþs> this §B window closed.”
lat mik s(o)fa i nad · a(t) …
Lát mik sofa í náð, at …
”Let me sleep in grace, …”
fuþorkhni(a)stmly
<fuþorkhniast[b]mly>
”<fuþorkhniastbmly>”
: iuuku---
…
”…”
þorkisl a
Þorgísl á.
”Þorgísl owns”
þorer a ⁓ miserere min
Þórir á. Miserere mín.
”Þórir owns. Take pity on me!”
urmr a sek
Ormr á sekk.
”Ormr owns the sack.”
brantr a
Brandr á.
”Brandr owns.”
ufæikr a
Ófeigr á.
”Ófeigr owns.”
(y)isa-rs
…
”…”
(n)nuun : in : (n)
… … …
”…”
§A urna : þoisar §B unt ⁓ rist
§A … þessar(?) §B … reist.
”§A … these(?) §B … carved”
(t)iua · a^uaft
… …
”…”
§A × una ek · mhiu · en beþr · §B · en beþr
§A Unna ek meyju(?) enn betr. §B Enn betr.
”§A I love the maiden even better! §B Even better.”
kuibrantr
Guðbrandr/Gulbrandr
”Guðbrandr/Gulbrandr”
hil(i)uri
…
”…”
sihurþ-
Sigurð[r]
”Sigurd”
§A rrm^þ(r)a^m^þc §B a^nm^uha^r
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
fuþ
<fuþ>
”…”
§A þra^nt^(þ)þ(m^n)(a^n)h §B iþhnnf-rrh-
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
- · nsnælla : la^ncbyh(þ) : uiþiþ : ira-
… … landsbygð … …
”… settlement …”
þorir a(u)r-(e)
Þórir …
”Þórir …”
ruhta
rótta
”'type of stringed instrument'”
§A sikmuntr a sæk §B þena
§A Sigmundr á sekk §B þenna.
”Sigmundr owns this sack.”
isisa ⁓ isisa --
… … …
”…”
+ æ(u)kil risti runar þissa(r)
Auðkell risti rúnar þessar.
”Auðkell carved these runes.”
fþr
<f[u]þ[o]r[k]>
”…”
× --- (:) (k)us : mik mir ir …
… kyss mik. Mér er …
”… kiss me. Me is …”
× ---kus : mik · m(e)rir
… mik meirir
”… me more.”
(a)irikr · kerþi sbitu ⁓ o : hafi
Eiríkr gerði spítu á hafi.
”Eiríkr made the needle at sea.”
rif raþ i l far auk rist nok huast
Rif ráð í l[og], far ok rist nóg hvast.
”…”
ek ' an ' ikeu ' (u)(i)-
Ek ann ekkju v[el].
”I love the widow well.”
§A (s)(a) : risti sa at sumarlakan tak hr(u)… §B uksi a uit ame
§A Sá(?) risti svá at sumarlangan dag … §B Oxi á vit amen.
”§A He carved … summer … §B …”
§A ⁓ aaa · þ^þþ^þ^þþ^þ^þ^þ--aaaaaa :· a^gla ⁓ mikael · ga^br¶¶iel §B · rafael ⁓ raguel ⁓ omnæs a^ngeli æþ §C a^r¶¶ka^ngeli ⁓ pa^ntasero^n : gunla^(u)g ⁓ p n a §D a^ga i
§A … … Agla Mikjáll, Gabriel, §B Rafael, Raguel. Omnes angeli et §C arkangeli pantaseron Gunnlaug p[ater] n[oster] a[men]. §D … …
”§A … Agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) Mikael, Gabriel, §B Rafael, Raguel. All the angels and §C archangels … Gunnalug pater noster, amen. §D …”
§A … ¶ … ¶ … ¶ … §B … ¶ … ¶ …
§A … … … … §B … … …
”§A … §B …”
na^leuila(s)
…
”…”
fuþo`r´khniastblm
<fuþorkhniastblm[y]>
”<fuþorkhniastblmy>”
fu
<fu[þork]>
”<fuþork>”
------ur--n : sin
… sinn/sín
”… his/her/their …”
fu
<fu[þork]>
”<fuþork>”
iaþ
…
”…”
…k · misak · eþ aptinako
[Sidra]k, Misak et Abdenago.
”Shadrach, Meschach and Abdenago.”
fuþorkhniastblmy
<fuþorkhniastblmy>
”<fuþorkhniastblmy>”
× <(u)(l)(f)(r)> : <(r)(i)(s)(t)(i)> · --
Ulfr risti …
”Ulfr carved …”
kia(þ)
…
”…”
+ (h)er : ligr : k---lr : er : halr …
Hér liggr G[unnhi]ldr/G[unnva]ldr er hallr …
”Here lies Gunnhildr/Gunnvaldr who (this) rock-slab / crooked …”
asla^kr(·)s (·) þil (·) riti : ok: þokel suærþ
Áslakr's þil riti, ok Þorkell sverð.
”Áslakr, who wrote (on) this plank and Þorkell (on the) sword.”
æieþin (k)…
… …
”…”
arni
Árni
”Árni”
§A ki §B k i
§A … §B … …
”§A … §B …”
(a)^gætir
ágætir/gætir
”famous /protector / he protects”
-u(þ)(o)(r)(k)
<[f]uþork>
”<fuþork>”
iiii iii ii i kkk kkkkkkkk kkk k
… … … … … … … …
”…”
as-akr
Ás[l]akr
”Áslakr”
§A ottar a §B klokær m^(a)^(þ)^r
§A Óttarr á §B klókr maðr.
”§A Óttarr owns. §B clever man.”
ion ⁓ ihu
Jón <ihu>
”Jón <ihu>”
(þ)m-þih-
…
”…”
an(m)(l)
…
”…”
an (k)(u)
ann(?) Guð(?)
”love(s)(?) God(?)”
fuþo
<fuþo[rk]>
”<fuþork>”
karl · ricti
Karl risti.
”Karl carved.”
????????????
…
”…”
??????
…
”…”
??????
…
”…”
ufr
Ulfr(?)
”Ulfr(?)”
þut
þýt(?)
”hum(?)”
sigrit : hth(a)
Sigríðr …
”Sigríðr …”
⁓ (g)unar · nem · þa · -(u)--- : h(æ)-o--…
Gunnarr, nem þá … …
”Gunnarr learn these …”
§A kales : fales : akla §B h akla
§A <kales fales> agla §B … agla
”§A <kales fales> agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord) §B … agla”
§A huæsso : for · ma^l · þet · er þu · reist : i kroskirkiu ¶ væl er þa §B o^le er oskǫynt^r a^uk st^roþen i racen þor : uæl : fo^r : þet
§A Hversu fór mál þat er þú reist í Krosskirkju. Vel(?) er(?) þá(?) §B Óli er óskeyndr ok stroðinn í rassinn. … vel fór þat.
”§A How did that statement which you carved in the Church of the Cross sound? Well(?) it is then(?) §B Óli('s rear) is unwiped and (he is) fucked in the anus … that sounded good.”
§A kuþ : giti §B þæs er mik §C (p)-(r) ouk iu- §D þæs ær þik
§A Guð gæti §B þess er mik §C b[e]rr(?) ok(?) … §D þess er þik.
”§A May God protect §B those who §C carry(?) me and … §D those who for you(?)”
þæta risti ?
Þetta risti …
”… carved this.”
ckalti : raicti : kri(þ)(i)--a
Skáldi reisti …
”Skáldi raised …”
+ stain × i-
Stein …
”Steinn …”
§A kank : hrapn · nar (h)-… §B (m)- ⁓ no(þ) : matit
§A Kann'k hrafn/Hrafn nár … §B … … mátit
”§A I know Hrafn/the raven corpse/reach … §B … couldn't.”
kirstr hio
Kristr/Gestr hjó.
”Christ/Gestr cut.”
birdor
Bergþórr/Berdor
”Bergþórr/Berdor”
§A ???u??h?????? §B ?ruu??? ?rrf??urf?þ?????hu?
§A … §B … …
”§A … §B …”
…r : a : mot …
[Gunna]rr á mót [þessa]
”Gunnarr owns [this] stamp.”
okt(a)(l)(a)me(i)-…
…
”…”
§A kloba §B bræstotir bylar þer §C …(æ)þ(s)…
§A Gloppa/Kloppa §B Prestdóttir byrlar þér. §C …
”§A Gloppa/Kloppa §B Priest-daughter pour out for you. §C …”
§A bæþi -- §B (r)
§A bæði(?) … §B …
”§A both(?) … §B …”
…(r) þessom : …
… þessum …
”… these …”
uininiu
…
”…”
f-(b)o--
<fuþo[rk]>
”<fuþork>”
a^(þ)þþa
…
”…”
(y)-a(o)a
…
”…”
??????????
…
”…”
kþ
…
”…”
§A ???? §B ????
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
…(k)aþ at : auri : akn-…
… …/at(?) auri(?) …
”… øre(?) / at the muddy area(?) …”
⁓ sægs : o^k æyrir
seks ok eyrir
”Six (marks?) and (one?) øre”
§A … (þ)rius(t) ha^n a^ld^rr(e)h -… §B …iustha^na^l · t^(þ)r(æ)h(u)
§A … þrífsk(?) hann(?) aldregi(?) … §B … …
”§A … thrives(?) he() never(?) … §B …”
[…aærta(þ)e + …]
… …
”…”
{EIDK}ln{DK}
…
”…”
§A ??? §B ??? §C ??? §D ??? §E ??? §F ???
§A … §B … §C … §D … §E … §F …
”§A … §B … §C … §D … §E … §F …”
a^ue ma^ria
Ave Maria.
”Hail Mary.”
-(a)(u)/-(o)/(r)
…
”…”
…-unu : o^rmar
… ormar/Ormarr/Ormar
”… snakes/Ormarr”
ha^fr : prest^r
Hafr prestr
”Hafr the priest”
þorkæir
Þorgeirr
”Þorgeirr”
§A + esse krusem tomi¶ni : fugite pa^rtes ¶ at^uerse uisit le(o) ¶ te t^ribu iuta -----… ----… ¶ kua(t)^uo^r gra^na in pen¶talum in--… ¶ fo(n)te t^utit : ¶ aaron : iesus + §B -(o)hannes ¶ ma^rkus ¶ maþeus ¶ lukas §C -a^gla al¶pha et ¶ o + - :
§A Ecce crucem Domini, fugite partes adversæ. Vicit leo de tribu Juda, [radix David]. Quatuor grammis in petalon … fronte tulit Aaron, Jesus. §B [J]ohannes, Marcus, Matheus, Lucas. §C Agla. Alpha et O[mega] …
”§A Behold the cross of the Lord; flee, you hostile powers. The lion of the tribe of Juda, the root of David, has conquered. Four letters on the forehead-plate that Aaron bore on his forehead, Jesus. §B John, Mark, Matthew, Luke. §C Agla. Alpha and Omega …”
a^ue ma^ria
Ave Maria.
”Hail Mary.”
þo^re(r)
Þórir
”Þórir”
-------
…
”…”
illan ⁓ (k)u-…
Illan …
”Wretched …”
§A … spir… … §B … …-it^us s… … ¶ …(u)m--…
§A … spir[itus] … §B … [spir]itus(?) s[anctus](?) … …
”§A … spirit … §B … holy(?) spirit(?) …”
(i)(a)(m)(i)(a)^s : afyln--furbisken fu
… … …
”…”
aallu…
<alual[u]>
”<alualu>”
§A øystein ⁓ a mi §B hærmaþr §C haæþrmþr §D (m)aria : §E hærmaþr
§A Eysteinn á mik, §B hærmaðr, §C hærmaðr, §D María, §E hærmaðr.
”§A Eysteinn owns me, §B the warrior, §C the warrior. §D Mary, §E warrior.”
§A + ^a^u + §B + ma
§A Av[e] §B Ma[ria].
”§A Hail, §B Mary!”
ioa^n a
Jóhan á.
”Jóhan owns.”
-(n)ma^nþkalm^næruþka(t)-
…
”…”
§A <fuþor> §B þbiss
§A <fuþor> §B …
”§A <fuþor> §B …”
tar
…
”…”
§A ⁓ felleg : er : fuþ : sin : bylli §B ⁓ fuþorg lbasm
§A Ferlig er fuð, sin byrli. §B Fuð-ǫrg …
”§A Monstrous is the cunt, may the penis serve. §B Cunt-perverse/nymphomania …”
”§A Fæl er fua (=fitta/rauva), måtte pikken skjenke. §B Fitte-pervers/nymfoman …”
inra
…
”…”
§A (m)-kæl · petr · ioanes · andres · lafranc · tomas · olafr · klemet · nikulas · aller hælger §B men giæte min · not ouk dah lfs mins ouk salo kuþ se mik ok s(i)hni §C <kuþ> <kifi> <o>s <byr> <ok> <kafo> <mar>i<a> §D h(i)-lbe mer <klim>et hialbe m(e)^r alle gc hlk(e)r h(i)(a)
§A Mikjáll, Pétr, Jóhannes, Andrés, Lafranz, Thomás, Ólafr, Klemet, Nikulás. Allir helgir §B menn, gæti mín nótt ok dag, lífs míns ok sálu. Guð sé mik ok signi. §C Guð gefi oss byr ok gæfi María. §D hj[a]lpi mér Klemet, hjalpi mér allir Guðs helgir [menn].
”§A Mikjáll, Pétr, Jóhannes, Andrés, Lafranz, Thomás, Ólafr, Klemet, Nikulás. May all holy §B men protect me by night and day, my life (ie body) and soul. May God see me and bless me. §C May God give us good wind, and Mary good luck. §D Help me, Klemet, help me, all of Gods holy (men).”
iuair fuþo
Tveir fuþo…
”Two fuþorks ?”
§A f·uþork : hnias · tbmly §B ost : min : kis : mik §C (-) ki
§A <fuþork> <hnias> <tbmly> §B Ást mín, kyss mik. §C … …
”§A <fuþork> <hnias> <tbmly> §B My beloved, kiss me. §C …”
§A --kl ⁓ kolota ⁓ ko^lahbohaso^lar ⁓ fiartar ⁓ tahs(a)- §B nuka ⁓ æld(e)riþsua^nahiþa^r ⁓ sa^u(d)ælakumlyn(h)uita^n ⁓ h(a)- §C --þr ⁓ inliossa ⁓ (l)og ⁓ (r)ostirriþ ⁓ atbiþa : a^þyþ(e)nþu(æ)t- §D -(-)kuiþi §E þækanukabækiiar
§A … … … … … §B … … … … §C … … … … … … §D … §E …
”§A … §B … §C … §D … §E …”
-(y) : (k)æyrfi : ar-
… … …
”…”
§A (f)uþorhniastb-m- §B (f)--(o)(r)(k)(h)(n)-(a)(s)-(b)l(m)-
§A <fuþorhniastb-m-> §B <f--orkhn-as-blm->
”§A <fuþorhniastb-m-> §B <f--orkhn-as-blm->”
§A ykmartm-lf--munm--- §B (f)----
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
i(æ)kkkkimmk ·
…
”…”
§A okui §B srþlt^rssþ : smnmuursmnmuh
§A … §B … …
”§A … §B …”
§A frþoræsamær §B fuþorkhn §C kuþorkhnisætbmly
§A … §B <fuþorkhn> §C <kuþorkhnisætbmly>
”§A … §B <fuþorkhn> §C <kuþorkhnisætbmly>”
§A i⁓a⁓ss⁓tbm⁓ly⁓c ⁓ §B ⁓⁓⁓
§A <iasstbmlyc> §B …
”§A <iasstbmlyc> §B …”
fuþorkhniastbmly
<fuþorkhniastbmly>
”<fuþorkhniastbmly>”
§A foro^þlam(e)uþarunka^rat`s´yriaþun-- §B ⁓ foro^þlameuþarunkratspyriiarunkr(u)(r)(o)--(r)-------(r)-(r)(u)----
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
--l--t : --hrar : a a^l(a) · luti
… …grar á alla hluti.
”… in all parts.”
(r)-- · (æ)ihi · -a--s · (a^f) · þæri · hirþ ilom · þoa · ek · som --
… eigi … af þeirri hirð … þoat ek sem …
”… not … from the retinue … even if I who …”
”… ikkje … av den hird … enda om jeg som …”
salt
salt
”salt”
§A <aba> §B fuþorthniaslbtmyiæ §C fuþorkhniastblmeycoæø
§A … §B <fuþorthniaslbtmyiæ> §C <fuþorkhniastblmeycoæø>
”§A … §B <fuþorthniaslbtmyiæ> §C <fuþorkhniastblmeycoæø>”
§A grimr a ia §B fuþorkhniastbmly §C grimr
§A Grímr á … §B <fuþorkhniastbmly> §C Grímr
”§A Grím owns … §B <fuþorkhniastbmly> §C Grímr”
§A smiþur ⁓ saa^rþ ⁓ uiktisi §B af ⁓ snæltu⁓benum
§A Smiðr sarð Vígdísi §B af snældubeinum.
”§A Smiðr fucked Vígdís §B of the Snelde-legs (ie, the Snelde-legs folk)”
§A fuþorkhniastm(b)- §B lnrɴsþrsr
§A <fuþorkhniastmb-> §B …
”§A <fuþorkhniastmb-> §B …”
§A (s)ra(a)n h(i)r §B ioan tua þorkil æ(y)ri ana^rt^uær þioþkæir §C fuþorkhniastbmly
§A … … §B Jóhan tvá Þorkell eyri … Þjóðgeirr. §C <fuþorkhniastbmly>
”§A … §B Jóhan, two, Þorkell øre … Þjóðgeirr. §C <fuþorkhniastbmly>”
kuþ ?
Guð …
”God …”
æ t þ f f s s a n t æ t þ f f s s a n t r-(s)t^rt-k(s)(e)hme^r
e[inn] t[veir] þ[rír] f[jórir] f[imm] s[ex] s[jau] á[tta] n[íu] t[íu] e[llifu] t[olf] þ[rettán] f[jórtán] f[imtán] s[extán] s[jautján] á[ttján] n[ítján] t[uttugu] …
”One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty …”
· ttttt · iisiiii · llllll · rrrrr · -i-
… … … … …
”…”
hælhi ola^fr a
Helgi Ólafr á.
”Ólafr the holy owns.”
--sf
…
”…”
-bæis
…
”…”
her · færr · ha^fdiæfr
Hér ferr Hafdjarfr/hafdjarfr.
”Here sails Hafdjarfr/the seabold.”
ra^þ| |þ^u fi f(e)mbul --
Ráð þú fé, fimbul …
”Interpret for wealth, great-”
eikils · yti·blǫkum
Ekkils ýti-blǫkkum
”(For the) sea-kings launching-horses (= ship)”
”Sjøkongens utstøtt-hest (=skip)”
-- naþr ulata -
… naðr úlata …
”…”
æikari ⁓ ioramr ⁓ iai
… … …
”…”
kkkrrrkkkrrrrkkkrrrr-<þo(r)>-
…
”…”
- sa(þ)- ⁓ a- -
… … … …
”…”
yniltr
…
”…”
§A æ(e)r(e)gir §B (f)(u)þ(o)rkhnias-b--y
§A … §B <fuþorkhnias-b--y>
”§A … §B <fuþorkhnias-b--y>”
fuþorkhniastbmly ⁓ asa ⁓ ion ⁓ sigriþ ⁓ þok
<fuþorkhniastbmly> Ása, Jón, Sigríðr, þǫkk(?)
”<fuþorkhniastbmly> Ása, Jón, Sigríðr, thanks(?)”
- (u)kr ⁓ ilant^linui
… … …
”…”
-(f)þuk · an : æ(i)(l)eira : af(m)-
… … … …
”…”
tmrm
…
”…”
þorer
Þórir
”Þórir”
§A ba §B ba
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
(k)---r
…
”…”
hall(e)
Halli(?)
”Halli(?)”
§A (m) §B (m)
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
o fuþorkhniastbmly
<o> <fuþorkhniastbmly>
”… <fuþorkhniastbmly>”
§A (f)uþ §B -uþrokhlinsmyl
§A <fuþ> §B <-uþrokhlinsmyl>
”§A <fuþ> §B <-uþrokhlinsmyl>”
- -(f) siþir ⁓ a^lin ua^r (e)^k þa^r (e)r amær upl(e)ndkær b(e)do nu : u(e)^r(þ) (e)(k) u(þ)--
… [o]f síðir. Alinn var ek þar er alma upplendingar bendu. Nú verð ek …
”… om sider. Født ble jeg der opplendinger spente buene. Nå blir jeg …”
§A -hurþrlslrþsr lafra^nc r rr þr -- §B s m t o þ f l æ t þ f f s s a n t æ -
§A … Lafranz r[eist] r[úna]r þ[essa]r … §B s[unnudagr], m[ánadagr], t[ýrsdagr], ó[ðinsdagr], þ[órsdagr], f[reyjudagr], l[augardagr], e[inn], t[veir], þ[rír], f[jórir], f[imm], s[ex], s[jau], á[tta], n[íu], t[íu], e[llifu] …
”§A Lafranz carved these runes … §B Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday; one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven …”
goþr uar æin lutr
Góðr var einn hlutr.
”One piece was good.”
ilohe
…
”…”
olafr olafr
Ólafr Ólafr
”Ólafr Ólafr”
fuþ(o)-
<fuþo->
”<fuþo->”
at(a^r)i sk^yldi a^uþ foltu| |una þæims lifom u--
Aldri skyldi Auðr fǫldu unna þeim's lyfum u[nnu].
”Never should the woman (= I) love them who resisted magic.”
”Aldri skulle kvinnen (= jeg) elske dem som stod imot trolldommen.”
-(ø)rgɴiæcdpY ⁓ fu ⁓ fo ⁓ fi ⁓ fy ⁓ uf ⁓ uþ ⁓ (u)-
… … … … … … … …
”…”
§A ---- §B þuic(m) §C -a-(o)nþ-at-(e)ta--(r)-
§A … §B … §C …
”§A … §B … §C …”
---- · -kista : -(u)--
… … …
”…”
iþ-
…
”…”
§A … … §B ⁓ bot:ildr : halk:ala : igb⁓iorh : §C -------(t)e(u)-a----n---n §D ioron^(n) :
§A … … §B Bóthildr Hallkatla Ingibjǫrg §C … §D Jórunn
”§A … §B Bóthildr Hallkatla Ingibjǫrg §C … §D Jórunn”
§A ------- §B fuþh(a)--fk
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
-ufar
…
”…”
-a--- · sa-(n)(a)--(æ)-ts-r(a)(-^r)m(a)þ--
… …
”…”
§A snot gat : la^ussa^n lata lingunir fyrir ur §B ---(o)m : æ- --r h(o)- mær fyrir mo^nnom §C -æ(k)(u)mbæi(þ)iba^r(þ)(o)
§A Snót gat lausan láta, Lín-Gunnr, fyrir ver §B [sín]um, e[nn] [e]r hó[n] mær fyrir mǫnnum, §C …
”Den kloke kvinnen må gi slipp på … for husbonden[/elskeren] sin - ennå er hun ei møy for menn [dvs. ennå regner folk henne for møy] - …”
yuþorkhniactbmly
<yuþorkhniactbmly>
”<yuþorkhniactbmly>”
§A (b)- §B --h--
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
§A l §B þorfinr §C fuþor(k)hniastbml
§A … §B Þorfinnr §C <fuþorkhniastbml>
”§A … §B Þorfinnr §C <fuþorkhniastbml>”
”§A … §B Torfinn §C <fuþorkhniastbml>”
þora : sæh : m(e)r
Þora seg mér.
”Si meg mengden.”
§A u^n þu · mær · a^n (e)^k · þær · gunnild^r · kys mik §B kan ek þik
§A Unn þú mér, ann ek þér. Gunnhildr! Kyss mik, §B kann ek þik.
”§A If you love me, then I love you. Gunnhildr! Kiss me, §B I know you well.”
f(u)(þ)(o)r(k)hn(i)a(s)-----
<fuþorkhnias>
”<fuþorkhnias>”
ingiriþ ' i(e)ngo(o^m)
Ingiríði, Ingu
”Ingerid, Inga”
§A þat er mælt (a)(þ) -----------------s----(b)(þ)- §B ⁓ ---þæn(e)s-(b)--------(æ)no-----(r)æ^(þ)n--(k)-----
§A Þat er mælt at … §B …
”§A It is said that … §B …”
§A fuþ(o)(r)khn(i)as-(b)(m)- §B -bþ--þ-----
§A <fuþorkhnias-bm-> §B …
”§A <fuþorkhnias-bm-> §B …”
æ---æ-n---(r)þ(a)^(n)þ · am^unda · ha^ra^ll ·
… Amunda, Harald
”… Amundr, Haraldr”
ha^lua^rþr ⁓ haua^r
Hallvarðr Hávarr
”Hallvarðr Hávarr”
§A kuna^r §B fuþorkhniastblmy
§A Gunnarr §B <fuþorkhniastblmy>
”§A Gunnarr §B <fuþorkhniastblmy>”
”§A Gunnar §B <fuþorkhniastblmy>”
§A s(k)þ §B kolbein kupu læstr ko^lbe(i)(n) f(i)n(a)o-os(-)-
§A … §B Kolbeinn … … Kolbeinn …
”§A … §B Kolbeinn … Kolbeinn”
gut(r)(æ)l--
…
”…”
(b)
…
”…”
⁓ m(e)^þ : hui : g(e)k : gasi
… … … …
”…”
§A -kkns(e) · tsim · h · anhola^u §B (æ)rþr ⁓ æinha^uns(a)^ka^(n)ha--
§A … … … … §B … …
”§A … §B …”
--sihønt^um : e(n^u)i ⁓ þrumu(e)--
… … …
”…”
§A -uþ(o)(r)-hn(i)(a)s-(b)--y §B -(u)þ(o)(r)
§A <[f]uþor[k]hnias[t]b[ml]y> §B <fuþor[k]>
”§A <fuþorkhniastbmly> §B <fuþork>”
ktr^am
…
”…”
§A fe^ll · til · friþra^r · þ(e)^llu · fa^rl(e)^gh^ra^r · m(e)^r · a^rla · fiska^ll · festiba^la · fo^rn · byr hama^r¶¶no^r^na §B · þæim (u)ihdi · he^uir þunda^r · þo^rnluþrs · (e)o^lun·buþa^r · g^lo^uma^r · gyghia^rto^uma §C ka^lt^rs falkha · haldet ⁓ omnia : uinsciþ · amo^r · æþ nos c^(c)itam(m)-- · amori · §D ga^ld^rs fasl(e)^gha · haldet ⁓ omnia · uinciþ · amo^r · æþ · nos · c(e)damus · amori ·
§A Fell til fríðrar þellu fárligrar mér árla fiskáls festibála forn byrr hamarnorna; §B þeim lundi hefir Þundar þornlúðrs jǫlunbúðar glauma gýgjartauma §C galdrs fastliga haldit. Omnia vincit Amor, et nos cedam[us] Amori. §D galdrs fastliga haldit. Omnia vincit Amor, et nos cedamus Amori.
”§D trolldoms, holdt fast. Kjærlighet overvinner alt: la også oss gi etter for Kjærlighet.”
”§A Fjellhammer-nornenes gamle bør (dvs. sinnet/kjærligheten) vendte seg for meg tidlig til den vakre, skadelige kvinnen (= ungt bartre av fiske-rennens/havets bål, dvs. gull); … er blitt holdt fast … Kjærlighet overvinner alt; la også oss gi etter for Kjærlighet. §D trolldoms, holdt fast. Kjærlighet overvinner alt: la også oss gi etter for Kjærlighet.”
g(-)m(-)-
…
”…”
§A gya : sæhir : at þu : kak hæim §B þa^nsak : a^b(a)kista^n : rþis
§A Gyða segir at þú gakk heim. §B … … …
”§A Gyða says that you should go home. §B …”
-(l) : e- : (k)-(þ)
… … …
”…”
þirokotoioio^r
…
”…”
--sat ⁓ (k)ut^lbæni(n)t
… …
”…”
ssiuæ ⁓ irniþ : a<n>a
… … …
”…”
--(u)þ(r)(ub)m · ikma(e)k
… …
”…”
§A -(u)at(r)um · (ø)ia^r · (i)(þ)------ §B -- · - · - : -(s)- · -- --
§A … … … §B … … … … … …
”§A … §B …”
--uþur
…
”…”
--m r
… …
”…”
þorguna a^n þeta
Þorgunna á þetta.
”Þorgunna owns this.”
§A -(b)mly §B -(r)uararar : arisataoarþkkaø(t)ototo
§A <-bmly> §B … …
”§A … §B …”
§A -(k)minum ⁓ sot- §B --m(n) §C + uældrnotok(d)- §D okmæyiarsih-
§A … … §B … §C … §D …
”§A … §B … §C … §D …”
§A h(a)^(n)(s)(a)^rþþ b §B h-ua^rþrm §C þnb
§A … … §B … §C …
”§A … §B … §C …”
-y--
…
”…”
§A þorir- §B fuþorkhniastbly-
§A Þórir §B <fuþorkhniastbly>
”§A Þórir. §B <fuþorkhniastbly>”
mtaioi
…
”…”
§A ma^þr : ska^l ho^nom^n : hæift : n(e)(n)- : --(a)t : uist - §B slit : uiha : lǫ^utomk : hio ek : g(e)rþ-(ɴ)g : (r)-- §C n : fǫurum : sɴyra : knæfa : þøy(k)-- -- : k(r)aka §D (:) -- §E uak(e) : hyka^þ : fylk(i)a : manat : hirþum : -
§A Maðr skal honum heipt nenn[a] [hv]at vist … §B slett vega látumk hjó ek gyrð[i]ng … §C … fǫrum snýra knefa þeyg[ir] … kráka §D … §E vaki hykk-at fylgna manat hirðum …
”§A … §B … §C … §D … §E …”
fanabælti iok biacku þina
Fanabelti jók bjarzku þina
”May the belt from Fana increase your beauty(?).”
§A ---an §B -kata(d) · kunak · tsap · æ-n(r)iþi ⁓ aiku(i) : þr-
§A … §B … … … … … …
”§A … §B …”
fuþorkh
<fuþorkh>
”<fuþorkh>”
§A -mraeþrmnþm- §B -knmertyoaokm-
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
n^u er skøra mykyl kaʟdhørþa^rþiri
Nú er skæra mikil. …
”Now is a great uproar. …”
fuþorkh ss ----
<fuþorkh> … …
”<fuþorkh>”
slika^ ^uilda · ek · mina sem þu est
Slíka vilda ek mína sem þú est.
”Just as you are is how I wanted mine.”
n-(k)oloþ ⁓ næmþr --
… nefndr …
”… mentioned …”
§A þorkæl anpiorh(s)ta^fan §B þor(i)r §C halstæin : anpion : guna-(r)- §C gu^nnar ⁓ pupahæinrækirr(-^r)(u)n
§A Þorkell … §B Þórir, §C Hallstein … Gunnarr §C Gunnarr …
”§A Þorkell … §B Þórir, §C Hallsteinn … Gunnarr §C Gunnarr …”
⁓ bot haf þu ⁓ uillkomm-
Bót haf þú, velkom[inn].
”You shall have a cure, welcome.”
§A ala^rþra^fbrimum ¶ fo^lkua^rþr : a^fa^kapma^rkua^rþra^f(b)a^u(u)(f)- §B ah(e) a^f a^l^labogo^k-
§A … Folkvarðr … §B … af …
”§A … Folkvarðr … §B … av …”
þar : er runar · r · -
Þar(?) er(?) rúnar(?) … …
”There(?) are(?) runes(?) …”
§A a-sk-----(s)----- §B k-(s)l- -- §C --as-blmy--
§A … §B … … §C <--as-blmy-->
”§A … §B … §C <--as-blmy-->”
§A hamar kunkal(u) §B (k)(u)(n)---
§A … … §B …
”§A … §B …”
§A (y) §B þþiþiþiiþiknikinikinink-b-- §C (a)^nihi
§A … §B … §C …
”§A … §B … §C …”
§A heþen : ræit : runa : þorbiorh ⁓ þorer : §B þoralte
§A Heðinn reit rúnar. Þorbjǫrg, Þórir §B Þoraldi
”§A Heðinn carved the runes. Þorbjǫrg, Þórir §B Þoraldi”
--ra
…
”…”
: þus : ris : (t)--ka--ro^(u)-þr-a s(a)^(b)-o^þ -o-
… … … Sab[a]oth(?) …
”… Sabaoth …”
botofar : seh : mer
Bótolfr sé mér.
”Bótolfr sees me.”
- a(s)a -
… Ása(?) …
”… Ása(?) …”
-- (a^u)st^r
… austr(?)
”… east(?)”
-(l)t^þosr
…
”…”
--o^(n)
…
”…”
-nnnlnnnnn
…
”…”
a^lþi
…
”…”
(b)
…
”…”
olo(l)-
…
”…”
<raþ> <þa->
Ráð þa[t]!
”Interpret that/this!”
--u : - : -ar--(a)-(s)(r)(o)
… … …
”…”
…(i)(s)(æ)(i)…
…
”…”
§A ek sørø þik o^þen mæþ hiþuto mæstr fiata §B (i)¶¶ata þuæi cæh mær namn þæs mas æir ctal §C fir kirictini ih mer nu þæ(i)n otaþ §D æit niþik aþa^lrr n(i)þik iehh mær oþen §E nu er cørþ o^k karafa^r maþ ǫlu hiþum §F t^u þu nu ǫþilc(k) mær namn þec ær ctal a
§A Ek sori þik, Óðinn, með …, mestr fjánda; §B j¶¶áta því; seg mér nafn þess manns er stal; §C fyr kristni; seg mér nú þína ódáþ. §D Eitt níðik, annat(?) níðik; seg mér, Óðinn. §E Nú er sorð ok … með ǫllu … §F … þú nú ǫþlisk mér nafn þess er stal. A[men.]
”Jeg maner deg, Odin, med (hedendom), den største blant djevlene. Gå med på det. Si meg navnet til den mann som stjal. For kristendom. Si meg nå (din) udåd. Ett håner jeg, (det andre) håner jeg. Si meg, Odin! Nå er (mengder av djevler?) manet fram med all (hedendom). Du skal nå skaffe/odle meg navnet til den som stjal. (Amen.)”
o^ruæria^rg
…
”…”
§A -(n)ar a §B gunar (a)-
§A … á. §B Gunnarr á.
”§A … owns. §B Gunnarr owns.”
§A + f §B if §C guþrs sakar
§A … §B … §C … …
”§A … §B … §C …”
æinar · sikr · a mek (a)inar sikr · e mak
Einarr Sínkr(?) á mik. Einarr Sínkr(?) á mik.
”Einarr the Greedy(?) owns me. Einarr the Greedy(?) owns me.”
erlinkr · r`a^u´(þ)r · (a^b) · kareh
Erlingr Rauðr … …
”Erlingr the Red …”
§A sæint er þat er suæin fan dynta silfrberh : i : mol d^uærga þat sæg^hir hær meþ harra hæiþmil^lc : i : giof ræiþa ⁓ ⁓ ha^u sa er la^uh at lǫþe lohryranda dyrum þes uitis biþ ek þriote þægnlæiþum guc ræiþi §B sigurþr : amunda:son : a mik
§A Seint er, þat er Sveinn fann dynta, silfrberg, í mǫl dverga, þat segir herr með harra, heiðmilds í gjǫf reiða. Hafi sá er laug at logis logrýranda dýrum, þess vítis bið ek þrjóti þegnleiðum, Guðs reiði. §B Sigurðr Amundasonr á mik.
”§A Seint er, det (= sølvberget) som Svein dynta fant, sølvberg, i dvergens grus/krystaller - det sier hæren sammen med kongen - redet ut som gaven til den gavmilde. Måtte den ha som løy til den dyre havets lues/flammes (dvs. gull) forminsker (dvs. kongen) - den straffen ber jeg om for stivnakken som mennene er lei - guds vrede. §B [Norska] Sigurd Amundson eier meg.”
”§A Seint er, det (= sølvberget) som Svein dynta fant, sølvberg, i dvergens grus/krystaller - det sier hæren sammen med kongen - redet ut som gaven til den gavmilde. Måtte den ha som løy til den dyre havets lues/flammes (dvs. gull) forminsker (dvs. kongen) - den straffen ber jeg om for stivnakken som mennene er lei - guds vrede. §B Sigurd Amundson eier meg.”
fu(þ)
<fuþ>
”…”
imi stæin hæitti a^ldri røykr riuki : a^ldri sæyþir soþni : ut yl : in^n kyl imi stæin hæitti :
Ími stein heitti. Aldri reykr rjúki! Aldri seyðir soðni! Út yl, inn kyl! Ími stein heitti!
”Ime varmet steinen. Aldri skal røyken ryke. Aldri skal maten bli kokt. Ut med varmen, inn med kulda! Ime varmet steinen.”
(s)uæin
Sveinn
”Sveinn”
”Svein”
fuþorkhniast(b)mly · : arne
<fuþorkhniastbmly> Árni.
”<fuþorkhniastbmly> Árni.”
§A ⁓ myttar bol^la katr haluan^n bol^la auþr hal^luin an^nan bo tast §B hal^l¶¶a^uan b holmr hal^luan b §C uar ken^nir uira uitr ugllaþan sitita §D air nemr opt ok storom alun^ns grun^ntar mik blun^nti
§A Myttar bolla, Kǫttr/Kattr/Kátr halfan bolla, Auðr halfan annan bo[lla], Tast §B hal¶¶fan b[olla], Holmr halfan b[olla]. §C Vár kennir [mér] víra vitr úglaðan sitja. §D Eir nemr opt ok stórum ǫluns grundar mik blundi.
”§A Myttar(?) en bolle, Katt/Kåt en halv bolle, Aud halvannen bolle, Tast(?) §B [Norska] en halv bolle, Holm en halv bolle. §C [Norska] Den kloke kvinnen (= gulltrådenes Vår) får meg til å sitte uglad. §D [Norska] Kvinnen (= Eir av ormejord/gull) tar ofte og i høy grad søvn fra meg.”
”§A Myttar(?) en bolle, Katt/Kåt en halv bolle, Aud halvannen bolle, Tast(?) §B en halv bolle, Holm en halv bolle. §C Den kloke kvinnen (= gulltrådenes Vår) får meg til å sitte uglad. §D Kvinnen (= Eir av ormejord/gull) tar ofte og i høy grad søvn fra meg.”
§A rist e^k : bot:runa^r : rist : e^k biabh:runa^r : eæin:fa^l uiþ : a^luom : tuiua^lt uiþ : t^rolom : þreua^lt : uiþ : þ(u)-- §B uiþ e^nne : skøþo : skah : ua^lkyrriu : sua:at : eæi mehi : þo:at æ uili : læuis : kona : liui : þinu g- - §C e^k sende^r : þer : ek se a þe^r : ylhia^r : e^rhi o^k oþola : a þe^r : rini : uþole : a^uk : i(a)luns : moþ : sittu : ald^ri : sop þu : ald^r(i) - §D a^nt : mer : sem : sialpre : þer : beirist : rubus : rabus : eþ : arantabus : laus : abus : rosa : ga^ua --
§A Ríst ek bótrúnar, ríst ek bjargrúnar, einfalt við alfum, tvífalt við trollum, þrífalt við þurs[um], §B við inni skoðu skag(?) valkyrju, svát ei megi, þótt æ vili, lævís kona, lífi þínu g[randa], … §C ek sendi þér, ek sé á þér, ylgjar ergi ok úþola. Á þér hríni úþoli ok ioluns(?) móð. Sittu aldri, sof þú aldri … §D ant mér sem sjalfri þér. Beirist(?) rubus rabus et arantabus laus abus rosa gaua …
”I cut runes of help; I cut runes of protection; once against the elves, twice against the trolls, thrice against the ogres … against the harmful 'skag'-valkyrie, so that she never shall, though she ever would-evil woman!-(injure) your life … I send to you, I look at you (= cast on you with the evil eye): wolfish evil and hatefulness. May unbearable distress and 'ioluns' misery take effect on you. Never shall you sit, never shall you sleep, … (that you) love me as yourself. [Latinate magical words] and [magical words] …”
§A · §B ⁓ llnn<(þ)>ifɴ : n : · : (n) ⁓ ns ⁓ i §C (l)ur ⁓ nt{P} · ⁓ · nessk : · ·
§A … §B … … … … … §C … … …
”§A … §B … §C …”
l b(e)ry : r(n)ir
… … …
”…”
østin a mik : iloa^rk(e)n
Eysteinn á mik. …
”Eysteinn owns me. …”
§A seuuruiriarþuimerkatkatgrisa §B -þi
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
§A -(a)sigæiþiaþr(e) : til fio^rs · ⁓ sæl · e^k þa þottomk · er uit satomk · i hia · o^k komat o^kka^r : m · a meþa^l · iuir ne · undir : saka^þaa^te^k · um o^kat §B m-- -k- k--mlt f(u)þ (b)la- g(u)-- §C --ø------(o)s-(a)(r)--e(n)(t)(o)m(n)(t)om g(a)(þ)(a)(n)-t(æ)-g---æ(n)gg-tf-(þ)- (þ)akt(þ)-temf-ht^laþ-f--(þ)---(t)am-ko^k--g(þ)-mt-þ(æ)-d-
§A … til fjǫrs. Sæll ek þá þóttumk er vit sátumk í hjá, ok komat okkar maðr á meðal. Yfir né undir sakaðatk um okkart [ráð?] §B … … … … … … §C … … …
”§A … til livet. Sæl jeg da syntest, da vi sat sammen, og ikke et menneske kom mellom oss. Ikke noe sted (verken over eller under) så jeg om vår [tilstand] at …”
þorþr fuþorkhniastblmy <þorþr>
Þórðr. <fuþorkhniastblmy> Þórðr.
”Þorðr <fuþorkhniastblmy> Þórðr”
nub
…
”…”
(u)l
…
”…”
§A ------r §B fþye §C u(r) fl ⁓ næiþu
§A … §B … §C … … …
”§A … §B … §C …”
§A ohmuntr- §B -(b)--y
§A Ǫgmundr §B …
”§A Ǫgmundr §B …”
§A mrþa^ris §B mrai
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
---(u)(u)-f(o^k)-(a^þ)fs-(r)-a^þ(i)(n)----(e)(m)
…
”…”
-ml-
…
”…”
§A (o)(n) a^rra(m)(r) §B (a)(t)
§A … … §B …
”§A … §B …”
§A (f)uþorkhniastblmy §B (u)(k)
§A <fuþorkhniastblmy> §B ok(?)
”§A <fuþorkhniastblmy> §B and(?)”
”§A <fuþorkhniastblmy> §B og(?)”
§A si(m)un keuk- §B - æ
§A Símon(?) … §B … …
”§A Símon(?) … §B …”
§A æ t þ f f s s a n t æ t þ f (f) §B grþþ----- · · · rau(i)(i)ua^lg<ar(a)i> §C <arii> · <a(o)a>
§A e[inn] t[veir] þ[rír] f[jórir] f[imm] s[ex] s[jau] á[tta] n[íu] t[íu] e[llifu] t[olf] þ[rettán] f[jórtán] f[imtán] §B … … §C … …
”§A One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen §B … §C …”
-s(e)ta · þo^rlæifr (i)sopr
… Þorleifr …
”… Þorleifr …”
· o(r)i(þ)(b)na : tel : ek : io(þ)(r)nu : (-)l(i)(t) : (u)(a)(t)-
… … … … … …
”…”
a--ua-(r)(r)--e--þ-rþ-
…
”…”
§A subær §B sbak rsbte mik sb-
§A … §B pax(?) … ex/mix-(?) super(?)
”§A … §B peace(?) … eks-/miks-(?) … over/above”
g : e : u : o : þ : n
… … … … … …
”…”
þ^þa^l(p)i
…
”…”
eon(u)isimerriþrþn(i)
…
”…”
f(u)þ(o)r-h--
<fuþor-h-->
”<fuþor-h-->”
§A bæþora ælikr a {P(A)PI}-- §B hiu(þ)ih hiu-
§A … Erlingr á … §B … …
”§A … Erling owns … §B …”
fuþorkhniastbmty
<fuþorkhniastbmty>
”<fuþorkhniastbmty>”
§A pantalion §B sihriþ : æirikr : guþrun : (o)i
§A … §B Sigríðr, Eiríkr, Guðrún …
”§A … §B Sigríðr, Eiríkr, Guðrún …”
--iær : ilta
… …
”…”
(u)bh
…
”…”
(a)(i)(i)(k)
…
”…”
§A þo^rkis §B -rkhniaslbmly
§A Þorgísl §B <[fuþo]rkhniaslbmly>
”§A Þorgísl §B fuþork”
(m)ynta : (e)k : myklu o^pda^r miǫ^þ:ra^nci koma na^la
Mynda ek miklu optar mjǫð-ranni koma náliga.
”If (only) I might come nearer the mead-house much more often.”
§A ×· uini (o) ··· (k)(e)(a) -- §B ··· §C ·· (f)---(a)---(a) · (a) ima-- §D (a)
§A … … … … §B … §C … … … §D …
”§A … §B … §C … §D …”
§A fuþo-- §B (k)---
§A <fuþo[rk]> §B …
”§A <fuþork> §B …”
(a)-(-)-(k)(u)nt(e)k---(æ)-(k)-(u) · a(u)þun-p ·
… …
”…”
falt of(g)ama^l
Fald ofgamal.
”Eldgammelt sammenfoldet stykke.”
sbaþe : bit^ri(t^l)ititidah-
… …
”…”
-bmytu
…
”…”
§A --o----r---þ-- ⁓ ---- : (k) : hæfi ⁓ o^þllast ⁓ - §B -mm-(-) ⁓ til ⁓ huganna^r : en : huhsot ⁓ til : fahna^(þ)- §C ---- ⁓ er ⁓ e^k ⁓ huhþa ⁓ mer ⁓ til ⁓ fahna^þþa^r ⁓ um : hia^(b) §D --þ ⁓ boþi ⁓ r(a^f) : skirru ⁓ o^k : sotrift ⁓ meþ : so^rh ⁓ nu : -(a)-
§A … … … hefi … … §B … til hugannar en hugsot til fagnað[ar] §C … er ek hugða mér til fagnaðar um … §D … … … skirru ok sótdript með sorg nú …
”§A … ha … §B [Norska] … til tanken men bekymring til fagnad §C [Norska] … som jeg tenkte meg til fagnad om … §D [Norska] … ok veggduk med sorg nu …”
”§A … ha … §B … til tanken men bekymring til fagnad §C … som jeg tenkte meg til fagnad om … §D … ok veggduk med sorg nu …”
(b)(a) ·
…
”…”
-uþor-ha---lb-y
<-uþor-ha---lb-y>
”<-uþor-ha---lb-y>”
-(k)uþnrun
…
”…”
-(u)-k(u)þ(u)----(t^u)----
…
”…”
⁓ uin : a (e)k : uæs : (a)(t)^ ^(l)a^una : ueret
Vin á ek vers at launa verit.
”I ought to reward the friend for the verse.”
§A - þu^ul^lan(e)nnkll · §B illlnlnm ·· l^lu^u(u)lauit^t^ty
§A … … §B … …
”§A … §B …”
nnþnnnþ
…
”…”
§A sira : ion ¶ s(e)n^ndir : gun^nari : huit : ku(i)þiu guþrs o^k §B sina hakon^n …
§A Síra Jón sendir Gunnari Hvít kveðju Guðs ok §B sína. Hákon …
”§A Sire Jón sends Gunnar White Gods and his greeting. §B Hákon …”
loþin
Loðinn.
”Loðinn.”
moldaæm--
…
”…”
§A -ric : a¶m--- §B -rik¶r : --
§A … … §B … …
”§A … §B …”
--þþþkkk · l · l · l · ¶ · · bbb · (i)(i)(i) · (s)(s)(s) · ttt · nnn ⁓
… … … … … … … … …
”…”
-þieariþ^þ
…
”…”
þure
Þóri(?)
”Þóri(?)”
-(n)(u)þ(u)æn
…
”…”
§A i-i- -- §B ifar : gilk : ku^riþ
§A … … §B … … Gyrið(?)
”§A … §B … Gyrid(?)”
þurk(e)^l a
Þorkell á.
”Þorkell owns.”
(i) (i)(n)(n)(i)(n)(æ)
… …
”…”
mǫtakma^þi
…
”…”
--(t)-u(i)smeþfǫrelehkona
…
”…”
<stan>a<r>
Steinarr(?)
”Steinarr(?)”
ma
Ma[ria]
”Mary”
§A -anm-a §B þostæin §C sslt^rltsþ §D -(e)(s)l-(a)^(r)(e)þ
§A … §B Þorsteinn §C … §D …
”§A … §B Þorsteinn §C … §D …”
gun^na^r · a · mik · k · a-
Gunnarr á mik. … …
”Gunnarr owns me …”
-ara^r(o)-
…
”…”
kuþ
Guð
”God”
§A þes : uil · ek · biþia ⁓ þik : at| |t^u ⁓ fa^r · ¶ o^r : þema : po^l:o^ke ⁓ sntd : rit ⁓ til ⁓ s¶yst^ur ⁓ o^la^us ⁓ hæt^usuæins ⁓ h¶o^n : e^r ⁓ i ⁓ bia^ruin : at^ ^n:unu:set^ri §B o^k læita : ras ⁓ uiþ : ha^na ⁓ o^k ¶ uiþ : prønbr ⁓ þina er þu : uil¶dir : sætas : æki : at| |t^u : s(y)sni : ¶ iarls ⁓ at^u : kena : nu · r(æ)t^u ·
§A Þess vil ek biðja þik, at þú far ór þeima flokki. Snid rít til sýstur Ólafs Hettusveins. Hon er í Bjǫrgvini at nunnusetri, §B ok leita ráðs við hana ok við frændr þína, er þú vildir sættask. Eigi átt þú synsemi jarls … … … …
”§A I would ask you this, that you leave your party. Cut a letter in runes to Ólafr Hettusveinn's sister. She is in the convent in Bergen. §B Ask her and your kin for advice when you want to come to terms. You, surely, are less stubborn than the Earl.”
· þirbio^rn
Þorbjǫrn
”Þorbjǫrn”
§A fuþorkhni(a)- §B olafr · kyst(i) · (d)(t)(k)-
§A <fuþorkhnia-> §B Ólafr kysti …
”§A <fuþorkhnia-> §B Olaf kissed …”
r-(þ)(u)mina(e)mþuma(t)finamysmi(s)næsima lirunum
… …
”…”
§A ra^u ra^Fr · asa · on (:) - §B fuþorkhnias(t)-
§A … … … … … §B <fuþorkhniast->
”§A … §B <fuþorkhniast->”
kyrþir a lykil
Gyrðir á lykil.
”Gyrðir owns (the) key.”
§A hæil ⁓ se þu : ok : i huhum : goþom §B þor : þik : þig⁓gi : oþen : þik ⁓ æihi :
§A Heil(l) sé þú ok í hugum góðum. §B Þórr þik þiggi, Óðinn þik eigi.
”§A Hail to you and good thoughts. §B May Þórr receive you, may Óðinn own you.”
-ø r
… …
”…”
· ka^ntuþ(e)t(t)-
…
”…”
§A fuþorkhniastbmly §B fuþorkhniastbmly
§A <fuþorkhniastbmly> §B <fuþorkhniastbmly>
”§A <fuþorkhniastbmly> §B <fuþorkhniastbmly>”
…<o> : <sim> <libi> : <sinu>
… sem lífi sínu.
”… as his/her life.”
sigriþ a mek
Sigríðr á mik.
”Sigriðr owns me.”
---(r)- (:) -d-(l) (:) --lmþ--(r) (:) d-(r) (:) (u)- (:) (l)---
… … … … … …
”…”
onun--
Ǫnun[dr].
”Ǫnundr.”
inkebiørk uni mer þa (e)r (e)k uar i sþafa^kri
Ingibjǫrg unni mér þá er ek var í Stafangri.
”Ingibjǫrg loved me when I was in Stavanger.”
mtpkrgbiiiiiiissssssstttttttiiiiiiilllllll
<mistill/tistill/pistill/kistill/ristill/gistill/bistill>
”mistletoe, "tistill", "pistill", casket, ploughshare, "gistill", "bistill"”
§A lsrlrsþ⁓ §B sihurþr ko^þ(i)-
§A … §B Sigurðr …
”§A … §B Sigurðr …”
ion
Jón.
”Jón.”
fuuki
…
”…”
§A t^rut §B h(g)g gua^na^r a §C (a)(þ) : (a)(n)(n)
§A … §B … Gunnarr á. §C … …
”§A … §B Gunnarr owns. §C …”
§A --(r)- : (a)(þ)-- : (a)(r)(a)(n) (:) (s)(ø)---- §B (a)^(g)t^um : rataba^rum : rat : aft(o)- §C (o)ld(r)(i)hg(i)
§A … et(?) … … §B actum ratabarum(?) … … §C …
”§A … and(?) … §B act/deed(?) … §C …”
þorir
Þórir.
”Þórir”
§A -----(k)(r)m-(r)-(r)-(r)m(r)-(k)---(æ)-(r)umekhæyra ⁓ f(a)t-- §B - · (a)--(e)h(a)--hæ--(g)o-ase(g)e(g)hæiman(g)orh(i)unu · (m)-
§A … … §B … … …
”§A … §B …”
§A f · - §B þora---
§A … … §B Þóra[ldi].
”§A … §B Þóraldi”
guþ : er : alt : ma : blese : sigurþ : prest : er : mek · a
Guð, er alt má, blessi Sigurð prest, er mik á.
”May God, who presides over all, bless Sigurr the priest, who owns me.”
sese · se · sese · snot · uliota ·
Sessi! Sé sessi snót óljóta!
”…”
§A (a)(i) munma^rtseritþinu §B munmart`s´e
§A … … §B …
”§A … §B …”
§A nas n §B rrþrr þþþurþurrr
§A … … §B … …
”§A … §B …”
§A fuþorkhia §B f(u)-
§A <fuþorkhia> §B …
”§A <fuþorkhia> §B …”
⁓ geukaukcuk : liui : a mik : en guþ : bl(i)sci þik
<geukaukcuk> <liui> á mik, en Guð blessi þik.
”… owns me, and God may bless you.”
þorbiorn · guþm
Þorbjǫrn, Guð…
”Þorbjǫrn, Guð…”
§A -(o)lua §B k · ræiþar : munr : rit---
§A … §B … … … …
”§A … §B …”
§A halua(r)- §B fuþ-
§A Hallvarðr §B <fuþ[ork]>
”§A Hallvarðr §B <fuþork>”
§A (i)(a)t----------tamkl--(þ)ha(r)i-fr(e)n^n--- §B hiaim (k)orh (c)-------------------(a)--------- §C ----------------a--a- solin
§A … §B … … … §C … …
”§A … §B … §C …”
§A … -ø(g)na^n t^reng · a · bloþ(e) · (s)(p)(r)(e)ngir §B --ota · r^æyni · ga^utu- · ra^nar · lioma · (g)o^no^n-s · -o-- §C -þ · urab(e)t^r(e) · hlufu §D - · hia · o^rlæik · þin^num · æinskis · u^ærþr · um · kumna · færþir
§A … [fr]oknan dreng, á blóði sprengir, §B <--ota> reyni gautu[m] Ránar ljóma konun[g]s [d]ó[mi]. §C … <urabitri> <hlufu> §D … hjá ǫrleik þínum einskis verðr um gumna ferðir.
”§A … den modige mannen, med blodet sprenger, §B [Norska] … (mot) prøve-gauter (= menn) Ráns (= havgudinnens) glans (dvs. gull) med kongens (dom). §D [Norska] … [min sparsommelighet?] er ingenting verd blant grupper av mennesker i forhold til din gavmildhet.”
”§A … den modige mannen, med blodet sprenger, §B … (mot) prøve-gauter (= menn) Ráns (= havgudinnens) glans (dvs. gull) med kongens (dom). §D … [min sparsommelighet?] er ingenting verd blant grupper av mennesker i forhold til din gavmildhet.”
þetta ræist blinder ma^þer til þin h(y)-
Þetta reist blindr maðr til þín …
”A blind man carved this to you …”
§A ⁓ þui ⁓ a^tt ⁓ af ⁓ dirþa^r⁓taf-e : -eka^r : ma^rk:sko^na- §B elender a^lam : sæt(i)at : bioþa
§A Því at af dirfðar-taf[l]i [t]ekr margskona[r] §B Erlendr … … …
”For: av høgt (vågalt) terningspel kjem mangt slags …”
(f) · (a)(k)(q)
… …
”…”
a mi
á mi[k]
”owns me.”
a mi
A[ve] M[ar]i[a]
”Hail, Mary!”
uemud^r a mik
Vémundr á mik.
”Vémundr owns me.”
fuþorkhniaslbmty
<fuþorkhniaslbmty>
”<fuþorkhniaslbmty>”
§A ar n · §B r
§A … … §B …
”§A … §B …”
---t · f-m : (b)-ft---(s)(a)-
… … …
”…”
tok : anremnik
… …
”…”
--e-erg--r--o----g
…
”…”
guþ : blæci : yþr : ranuæih
Guð blessi yðr Rannveig.
”God bless you, Rannveig.”
§A ion silkifuþ a mek en guþormr fuþcllæikir §B ræist mik en : ion fuþkula ræþr m(e)k
§A Jón Silkifuð á mik, en Guðþormr Fuðsleikir §B reist mik, en Jón Fuðkula ræðr mik.
”§A Jón Silky-cunt owns me, and Guðþormr Cunt-licker §B carved me, and Jón Ball-cunt interprets me.”
-(p)pppppppppp-
…
”…”
fuþorkhniastblmy ⁓ kyþa ⁓ ua ⁓ (s)(i)(k)urþr ⁓ un ⁓ ra^nuæih ⁓ ane ⁓ un ⁓ -
<fuþorkhniastblmy>, Gyða <ua> Sigurðr <un> Rannveig <ane> <un> …
”<fuþorkhniastblmy>, Gyða … Sigurðr … Rannveig …”
- ⁓ bbb ⁓ bb ⁓ b ⁓ ll ⁓ l ⁓ <fu>-
… … … … … … …
”…”
(h)(s)(a)(i)
…
”…”
f : ff : fffo : oo : oooh : hh ⁓ hhha : aa : aaab : bb : bbb
… … … … … … … … … … …
”…”
-fomi ¶ þart ⁓ fuþorkh¶niastblmy ¶ bursima^ria^rsfofafi
… … <fuþorkhniastblmy> …
”… <fuþorkhniastblmy> …”
§A (b)kotris §B f asa
§A … §B … …
”§A … §B …”
§A ⁓ sigurþr : la^ua^r(þ)r · sændir : kuæþi(o) -- · guþs o^k sina : s(m)iþ : (þ)ina : uildi : k : ha^ua : um §B ua^pnabunaþ : dt : --- : spio(t) : (a) : a--an a^lnum : iarns : ær : ek : sændi : þir : mæþ : ioani : §C øra : nu : er : þa(t) : bøn : min : ai biþia : þik : at : þu : sir : mer : a^uþbøn : nu : um : þæta : mal : i §D in : æf : þu : girir : nu : min : uilia : þa : ska^lt : þu : sa^nna : uinga^n : ua^ra : ha^ua : i gægn : nu : o^k : iamnan
§A Sigurðr Lávarðr sendir kveðju … Guðs ok sína. Smíð þína vilda ek hafa um §B vápnabunað at … spjót af á[tj]án alnum jarns, er ek sendi þér með Jóhani §C Øra. Nú er þat bœn mín at biðja þik at þú sér mér auðbœnn nú um þetta mál … §D En ef þú gerir nú mín vilja, þá skalt þú sanna vingan vára hafa í gegn nú ok jafnan.
”§A Sigurðr Lávarðr sends God's and his greetings to … The King (or I) would like to have your forgings for §B arms … spears from the iron worth eighteen ells of russet, that I send with John §C Øri. I now pray you that you will do as I ask in this matter, §D and if you do as I say, you shall receive our true friendship now and forever.”
§A ⁓ sigurþr : la^ua^r(þ)r · sændir : kuæþi(o) -- · guþs o^k sina : s(m)iþ : (þ)ina : uildi : k : ha^ua : um
§A Sigurðr Lávarðr sendir kveðju … Guðs ok sína. Smíð þína vildi konungr hafa um
fuþ
<fuþ>
”…”
fuþorkhna(i)tblml · yboi--
<fuþorkhnaitblml> …
”<fuþorkhnaitblml>”
kuaa
…
”…”
§A an e s i §B -hh- · · · - : m-þ-- · -i
§A … … … … §B … … … …
”§A … §B …”
k(u)?f(o)b : aþ(o)
… …
”…”
§A {AVR}o{V} §B {AVROVE}
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
ymym
…
”…”
k · k · k · k · k · a · a · a · a · arrrrsssss
… … … … … … … … … …
”…”
innþþn
…
”…”
{BIOM^N}
…
”…”
§A r^y §B (o^r) §C ra^þ^(u)(a)yþ(i)r
§A … §B … §C …
”§A … §B … §C …”
--no(k)æla : þa : børøtek · kønu
… … … …
”…”
§A suæin : riste : runar : þæsar : ǫk pa^þ §B (e)^luucio rata
§A Sveinn risti rúnar þessar ok bað §B Lúciu ráða.
”§A Sveinn carved these runes and asked §B Lúcia …”
a--þ--(n) · þorþr
A[u]ð[u]n(?). Þórðr.
”Auðun(?). Þórðr.”
§A mun þu mek man ek §B þ¶ek un þu mer an ek þer
§A Mun þú mik, man ek §B þ¶¶ik. Unn þú mér, ann ek þér.
”Think of me, I think of you. Love me, I love you.”
arni : katu : leia
Árni(?) … …
”Árni(?) …”
§A -(u)na^rikæþir(e)t(e)o^k(e)ui §B --ma^þræritrun(a)(-)-
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
halbiar(h)
Hallbjǫrg
”Hallbjǫrg”
§A -iillll §B unas
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
§A -<----> §B ---<--> · hunst^urþil §C m r^r §D m m
§A … §B … … §C … … §D … …
”§A … §B … §C … §D …”
fuþ
<fuþ>
”<fuþ>”
-(n)^(þ)^(r)(n)^(þ)^(r)n^þ^rn^þ^rn^þ^rn^þ^rn^þ^rn^þ^r
…
”…”
fuþ(o)(r)(k)----
<fuþork---->
”<fuþork---->”
--(l)(i)(n) · meþ knifi · s--(u)m · (þ)-n-(æ)--(n)-(u)--
… með knífi s[ín]um …
”… with his knife …”
r þ
… …
”…”
pkn
…
”…”
a^r^þ`(þ)^(n)´m^r
…
”…”
§A (k)(r)--(e)k : kona · kanik : (o)- §B ar(i) : lakaþi : unim(e)(r)(k)- §C : (m) : ka(u)nostof^nakraunosta-
§A … kona kanik … §B Ari lagaði … §C … …
”§A … kona kanik … §B [Norska] Are bryggde … §C [Norska] …”
”§A … kona kanik … §B Are bryggde … §C …”
fuþork ⁓ hnias ⁓ tblmye
<fuþork> <hnias> <tblmye>
”<fuþork> <hnias> <tblmye>”
ha^lkat^la
…
”…”
uar
…
”…”
bylli min un mer an ek þer af astom a^u^k af <allum> <huha>
Byrli minn! Unn mér! Ann ek þér af ástum ok af ǫllum huga.
”Min elskede/skjenkesvenn: Elsk meg! Jeg elsker deg med hele mitt hjerte og med all min hug.”
§A a^ne a mek §B a^lueþa^r--
§A Árni á mik. §B …
”§A Árni owns me. §B …”
§A --------hæt snh--k- §B ⁓ (e)--(n)(g)(e)-(h)(a)-- e^n ek ma^n h- §C ⁓ be^r i briost m(e)^r s(u)a^(r)-
§A … … §B … en ek man … §C berr í brjǫst mér …
”§A … §B … §C …”
§A ⁓ an ek : sua : ko^no : ma^nc : (k)(i)þa : taka : fioll ⁓ uiþ : lægiumk : sua : hugi a ⁓ ringæiþr : at : io^rþ : sprin(g)r ⁓ §B : ram en skal aþr en ek hoskge hamna huit er su miol er liggr
§A Ann ek svá konu manns víða taka fjǫll við leggjumk svá hugi á, hring-reið, at jǫrð springr. §B Hrafn … skal áðr en ek horskri hamna hvítr er sú mjǫll er liggr.
”§A Slik elsker jeg en (annen) manns kvinne/kone, de vide fjell begynner å svinge [før jeg glemmer henne?]. [Høye/fornemme] kvinne (= ring-vogn), vi elsker hverandre slik at jorden sprenges. §B [Norska] Ravnen skal, før jeg vraker den kloke (kvinnen), (bli) hvit [som] den snø som ligger [på fjellene].”
”§A Slik elsker jeg en (annen) manns kvinne/kone, de vide fjell begynner å svinge [før jeg glemmer henne?]. [Høye/fornemme] kvinne (= ring-vogn), vi elsker hverandre slik at jorden sprenges. §B Ravnen skal, før jeg vraker den kloke (kvinnen), (bli) hvit [som] den snø som ligger [på fjellene].”
(u)
…
”…”
(a)^þorbærkr : ræist
Þorbergr reist.
”Þorbergr carved.”
-(b)-(k) : (n)(æ)(r)--hli(o)þa : h(o)rn : (r)(i)(n)a(r) : (r)(i)lm(i)nu : dul^ld(r)
… … … … … …
”…”
samsun
Samson
”Samson”
(a)^(u)(a)^(b)
…
”…”
r(o)(u)þ(a)
…
”…”
-þ^nþ^nþ^nþ^nþ^nþ^nþ^nþ^nþ^n --
… …
”…”
h ------(o)^um(u)-(u)(r)
… …
”…”
fuþorkhniastbmly
<fuþorkhniastbmly>
”<fuþorkhniastbmly>”
§A -ririaoio §B --þam(a)l
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
-(r)n a sæk --
… á sekk …
”… owns the sack …”
mb(æ) ⁓ rmb(æ) ⁓ (u^u)br
… … …
”…”
(-)(k)(u)(r)(r) a m(i)k
<-kurr> á mik.
”<-kurr> owns me.”
§A her skal san (o)a k(e)r(m)(e)t til þes er þu læter i(s)(u)t §B utaflarmersut- §C si- §D er þ-
§A Hér skal <san> <oa> <kermet> til þess er þú lætr <isut> §B <utaflarmersut-> §C … §D er <þ->
”§A Here will … until you let … §B … §C … §D …”
g-(t) a mik
G[unna](?) á mik.
”Gunna(?) owns me.”
+ ikibiorh-
Ingibjǫrg
”Ingibjǫrg”
fuþ
<fuþ>
”<fuþ>”
§A ⁓ hæilagr : andreas : bostole : foru- §B and : at : boda : ord guds : auk : gærdi : han : m(a)-- §C : iartæknir : i : nafne : drotens : ukytreuk-- §D se se sæsse se kono uena : se þu : huar : sitter :
§A Heilagr Andreas postoli fór §B and at boða orð Guðs, ok gerði han mar[gar] §C jartegnir í nafni dróttins … §D Sé, sé, Sessi. Sé konu væna. Sé þú hvar sittir.
”§A Heilag Andreas apostel for §B [Norska] … at forkynne Guds ord, ok gjerde han mange §C [Norska] jartegn i Herrens namn … §D [Norska] Se, se, Sessi. Se kona ven. Se du kvarhelst sitter.”
”§A Heilag Andreas apostel for §B … at forkynne Guds ord, ok gjerde han mange §C jartegn i Herrens namn … §D Se, se, Sessi. Se kona ven. Se du kvarhelst sitter.”
§A ⁓ pendihta : a bosa : þena : han : gerþe : goþ : m(a)- §B af : af:skurþum : þæim : ær ægo uøro nyti--
§A Benedikta á posa þenna. Hann gerði góð <ma-> §B af afskurðum þeim er e(n)gu váru nýti[r].
”§A Benedikta eier denna pose. Han gjerde god … §B [Norska] av de avskurder som ikkje var dugande.”
”§A Benedikta eier denna pose. Han gjerde god … §B av de avskurder som ikkje var dugande.”
⁓ otar ⁓
Óttarr
”Óttarr”
§A fræsstatt : æin^nuiat : -e^l(s)s-a : tæ-na · øter : fe^k : sin^nas-- §B e^(u)ifdahr : --or : (k)ahrra : -o(k)(s)(e)t^um : s-in^na : sno-(a)(s)(t) §C ⁓ o--e^la : e-nda : laten^n : ea(t)(k)al-la : -atale- : aeten^nekæi-a §D ta^l(s)ha : oter : en(þ)(e)(æ) : l- : -(g)l^l-(o)ssei : fat : e^r(h)ae^r · (m)(a)(æ)t
§A … … … … … … … §B … … … … … … §C … … … … … … §D … … … … … … … …
”§A … §B … §C … §D …”
æsþrþ : nsrlrlrrr-(r)
… …
”…”
fuþ(a)(i)rkhnios
<fuþairkhnios>
”<fuþairkhnios>”
§A -(h)niastbmly ⁓ c §B -(æ)dpc ⁓ halle ⁓ ma^rga^reta
§A <-hniastbmly> … §B … Halli, Margareta.
”§A <-hniastbmly> … §B … Halli, Margareta.”
§A ---r §B -(r) · (i)(r) · þ(ø)(þ)-
§A … §B … … …
”§A … §B …”
---(o) ka^n ek : sæhia : þer ⁓ sem þu ma^nt ⁓ rǫyna ⁓ af ⁓ mer : at ek ⁓ skal : una : þer ⁓ ænku ⁓ uær en mer : u-
… kann ek segja þér, sem þú mant reyna af mér, at ek skal unna þér engu verr enn mér. …
”… I can say to you, as you will experience with me, that I will love you no less than myself. …”
§A -uaria §B -uaria
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
ær-a--rr--r--nar-
…
”…”
kis þu mik
Kyss þú mik.
”Kiss me.”
++ mero^kar · o^kfle
… …
”…”
§A ⁓ dadudodidedydædø ⁓ gagugogigegygægø ⁓ cac-(c)(o)(c)-(c)(e)----(c)(ø) §B ⁓ iaiuioiiieiyiæiøhahuhohihehyhæhøsasusosisesysæsø
§A … … … §B …
”§A … §B …”
+ nn(a)ne--(r) · (þ)sssssh ·· iiiii(r) · (r) · (þ) · mþ(r)
… … … … … …
”…”
§A ⁓ o^l ber·ek · ypisæliu · a^rmg(l)(a)- §B sek færþ a^þ^u(s)u ærþa ygi(r) - §C : uil^ldae^k ⁓ grimnis ⁓ gil^ldi : (f)(a)^r(u)n^ ^n- §D n^u ha^ua ska^ld af stælda^r (s)-
§A Ǫl ber'k yppi-selju arm-glóðar(?), §B sé'k ferð Ásu(?) ærða, Yggjar … §C Vilda'k Grímnis gildi grun … §D Nú hafa skald af stældar …
”Jeg bærer fram et dikt (= Yggs/Odins øl) til selja som løfter armgloen (= kvinnen), - jeg ser Åses(?) ferd vokse - (Yggs) … Jeg ville diktet (= drikke(laget) til Grimner/Odin) … Nå har skaldene ?? stålsatt (= forsynt et dikt med innskutt setning) …”
§A -s(t)a^þ : þor(k)(e)þr : na^rfas^u^n : §B -(þ)(s)u^n : (æ)læ(n)(d)^r : b-^r(k)(i)sun : sih^urþr : hælhas^un : §C ki
§A … Þorgarðr(?) Narfasonr §B …sonr Erlendr B[i]rgisonr(?), Sigurðr Helgasonr §C …
”§A … Þorgarðr(?) Narfasonr §B …-sonr Erlendr Birgisonr(?), Sigurðr Helgasonr §C …”
---- øs(i)asris
… …
”…”
sigurþr| |rib(e) ræist runar
Sigurðr Ribbi(?) reist rúnar.
”Sigurðr Ribbi(?) carved the runes.”
ila hefer sa maþr er -(e)-(e)r sliga go(n)o (s)ein(i)uer
Illa hefir sá maðr er [h]e[f]ir slíka konu …
”Evil has the man who has such a woman …”
-(n)(l)(s)tmil(h)uhaþ--
…
”…”
§A -<b> þþþ · -- §B -u mik man ek þik
§A … … … §B [þ]ú mik man ek þik.
”§A … §B you me, I love you.”
skeke
…
”…”
(g)a^r
…
”…”
§A --(t)ul^lotansn(a)- §B -(æ)tiumar(t)ah ⁓ traum ⁓ runar ⁓ afa ⁓ t^ua^u-
§A … §B … … … … …
”§A … §B …”
§A (s)(n)ar(o)`(þ)´m(e)þika^r(i)(s)o(s)arnauþ §B ilot^nliomra^rra(e)sit^nrco^ntsegha^þr
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
iokair
Jógeirr
”Jógeirr”
§A huat sa sa er i sa sa sik sa sa (e)r i sa sa ⁓ sis(i)- §B ekaþeræimeranmæ(r^u)morran-
§A Hvat sá sá, er í sá sá? Sik sá sá, er í sá sá. … §B …
”Hva så han som så i karet? Seg selv så han som så i karet.”
---h--s
…
”…”
-akboi · hæY(i)ratan(i)lan`s´kiæik/(s)u(i)rki(n)(i)sgrausuarþiohs--
… …
”…”
hn for at fruþum
Hann fór at fróðum/frœðum.
”…”
----m(þ)-n-(r)(o^u)u--æ---hl-ah(a^n^n)(s)(t^r)a^umdaensf^ha^ri(a)^n ⁓ asgæ-n^n-
… …
”…”
§A þeta : ræist æirrikr : baki : um : not f §B þeta ræist a^rne (t)-(þ)(r)
§A Þetta reist Eiríkr baki um nót … §B Þetta reist Árni …
”§A This carved Eiríkr … §B This carved Árni …”
(b)(i)(a)
…
”…”
§A b §B (þ)
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
ha^lfor-
…
”…”
ui
[A]ve(?)
”Hail!(?)”
(-)c(d)efghiklmn(o)pk(r)stux(y)(-)
<[ab]cdefghiklmnopqrstuxy->
”abcdefghiklmnopqrstuxy-”
§A sa·to^r · a^repo · teneþ · opera · rotas · pags · po^rtan^ntibus · salus aben^ntibus ⁓ §B a⁓g⁓¶¶l⁓a ⁓ iohan^nes · lukas · maþeus · markus §C sua erom| |mit skyld til sl
§A Sator arepo tenet opera rotas. Pax portantibus, salus habentibus. §B Ag¶¶la. Johannes, Lucas, Matthæus, Marcus. §C Svá erum mit skyld til …
”§A 'Sator arepo tenet opera rotas.' Peace for those who carry [this amulet]; salvation for those who have [it]. §B Agla ('agla' = Thou art strong in eternity, Lord). John, Luke, Matthew, Mark. §C Such are we indebted to Sl- …”
sæst ⁓ niþær ⁓ o^k · rat ⁓ runa^r ⁓ ris ⁓ up · o^k · fis : uit ⁓
Sezt niðr ok ráð rúnar, rís upp ok fís við!
”Sit down and interpret the runes, stand up and fart!”
”Sett deg ned og råd/tolk runene, reis deg opp og fis!”
§A na^u(þ) §B na^(u)
§A nauð §B nau[ð]
”§A need §B need”
æirikr
Eiríkr
”Eiríkr”
a^nne
…
”…”
oiai
…
”…”
brirsr
…
”…”
kuþmriusua
…
”…”
§A ⁓ fuþorkhniastbmlyfuþ(o)rkhn`i´a f §B fuþo(b)khniarmlyfuþorkhni`s´abmly
§A <fuþorkhniastbmlyfuþorkhnia> <f> §B <fuþobkhniarmlyfuþorkhnisabmly>
”§A <fuþorkhniastbmlyfuþorkhnia> <f> §B <fuþobkhniarmlyfuþorkhnisabmly>”
§A uiþælkinen(e)a^lmat(e)æssi §B + gessukamtsogessukae §C (s)unaifanuuiifYi + §D pagissunarnuii +
§A … §B … §C … §D …
”§A … §B … §C … §D …”
§A + gordin : kordan : inkorþar §B uælkakr
§A Gordin, kordan, inkorþar. §B …
”§A [Rhyming powerful/magical words: Gordin, kordan, inkorþar.] §B …”
§A þisielapriudt^ro(t) · eslæmæ dux : ixtlutrþi : naäl §B maukrs · kkmaæsamianus · man martiliitnus muintttloilusi §C ok(c)(ä)a(æ)^l(a)^kþæ? dtroke (t)omane deoi meos konsomatm æst naä(l) §D tiu netr eeero fra e(o)hnesikuatoeh markus tlh^fas oa^fanss §E naal §F naäl
§A … … dux(?) … … §B … Maximianus, Malchus(?), Martinianus … §C … Dirige(?), Domine, Deus meus. Consummatum est. … §D Tíu nætr eru frá … Marcus, Lucas(?), Johannes(?) §E … §F …
”§A … leader(?) … §B … Maximianus, Malchus, Martinianus (= three of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus) … §C … Determine(?), Lord, my God. It is fulfilled. … §D Ten nights are from … Mark, Luke, John. §E … §F …”
riste
risti(?)
”carved(?)”
§A d^um · das : ka^rus · e^ris : da^re : des-- §B …ris :
§A Dum das, carus eris, dare des[ine], §B [despicie]ris.
”§A As long as you give, you will be held dear; if you abandon giving, §B you will be despised.”
§A styrkaa^r : iua^r : io^n : þo^re^r : ha^ua^rþr : finþr : sikkurþr : io^n : a^rnne : -- §B þo^rmo^þr : baa^rþ^r : o^la^lfr : ko^lbio^rn : asla^kr : ællænt^r : ko^lbæin : sikkurþr : -(r)- §C ro^lfr : æina^r : þo^rþr : ha^lkæl : o^la^fr : ællæ`n´t^r : bia^rnni : þor(r) : sikkurþr
§A Styrkárr, Ívarr, Jón, Þórir, Hávarðr, Finnr, Sigurðr, Jón, Árni, … §B Þormóðr, Bárðr, Ólafr, Kolbjǫrn, Áslakr, Erlendr, Kolbeinn, Sigurðr, … §C Hrólfr, Einarr, Þórðr, Hallkell, Ólafr, Erlendr, Bjarni, Þórr, Sigurðr
”§A Styrkárr, Ívarr, Jón, Þórir, Hávarðr, Finnr, Sigurðr, Jón, Árni, … §B Þormóðr, Bárðr, Ólafr, Kolbjǫrn, Áslakr, Erlendr, Kolbeinn, Sigurðr, … §C Hrólfr, Einarr, Þórðr, Hallkell, Ólafr, Erlendr, Bjarni, Þórr, Sigurðr”
fuu
…
”…”
gl(o)ria in eksælsis deo
Gloria in excelsis deo.
”Glory to God in the highest.”
haldor hfuþorkhnias
Halldórr. <hfuþorkhnias>
”Halldórr. <hfuþorkhnias>”
§A ar sol maþr ur nauþ tur ræiþ §B gleme ⁓ æie ⁓ (g)ein(e)r ⁓ beime^r · god
§A Ár sól maþr úrr nauþ Týr reiþ §B … … … … …
”§A year, sun, man, aurochs, need, Týr, riding §B …”
§A imulil amo^r §B u¶¶iciþ omnia oþ
§A … amor §B v¶¶incit omnia, et
”§A Love §B conquers all; also(?)”
mka^nþkkþnkl/ki
…
”…”
---(r)-rfirþet^reroruerrerruyermruunruiouþiu(r)-
…
”…”
(s)(i)mun
Símon.
”Símon.”
§A ætþraralar(t)barrararalralh §B hliþlilialal(n)ial(n)i(þ)ui(þ)ihnlil(n)i §C hlþanlralararararaþrr §D hlllaualuailþllualalralolai §E aralrau^utþaialuhlo(n)laaualu(t)la §F huaaþouiþihrara(u)llhl(l)
§A … §B … §C … §D … §E … §F …
”§A … §B … §C … §D … §E … §F …”
-- (n)na(m^m) sek
… … sekk
”… sack”
aue ma-
Ave Ma[ria]
”Hail, Mary!”
§A h(a)siin §B fui
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
a mik
á mik
”… owns me.”
--- -- (-)---(i) : þi-(r)m-o^btu(l)(i)(i)mi
… … … …
”…”
frþo(k)(b)hniasl{B}-my
<frþokbhniasl{B}-my>
”fuþork”
§A fak : m(e) -(t)u : perare te §B non : ue:re
§A Fac me(?) … … te. §B Non vere.
”§A Get me to … you. §B Not true.”
§A uat-l---(l)--asiksasai(r)isasa §B (e)kuaitu
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
§A ⁓ (o) (d)(o)mine iesu c(r)--t- kui a^p(e)ruit oculos c(e)ci nati salua oculos §B inmensus pater -nmensus filius inmensus §C spiritus sanc(t)us ⁓ §D istius hom--- -um tua mis(e)ricordia ⁓ m(e)sias sot^(e)r §E emanuel sa^baot ado^(n)(a)i ⁓ fo^ns e^t o^rigo^ ^bo^nis pa^raclitus ac media^to^r
§A O Domine Jesu Chr[is]t[e], qui aperuit oculos caeci nati, salva oculos §B Immensus Pater, [i]mmensus Filius, immensus §C Spiritus Sanctus. §D Istius hom[inis] [c]um tua misericordia. Messias, Soter, §E Emanuel, Sabaoth, Adonai. Fons et Origo bonis, Paraclitus ac Mediator.
”O Lord, Jesus Christ, who opened the eyes of the blind new-born, save the eyes of that man with Your mercy! Messiah, Soter (= Saviour), Emanuel, Sabaoth, Adonai (= Lord). Source and Origin of goodness ['bonis' = for the good], Comforter and Mediator. Immense Father, immense Son, immense Holy Ghost.”
i(p)ikia
…
”…”
fan ek bæin : athat
Fann ek bein …
”I found the bone …”
§A -- ⁓ dominus ⁓ te-- §B - benedictus ⁓ -
§A … Dominus te[cum] §B … benedictus …
”§A … The Lord is with you … §B … blessed …”
§A ⁓ guþ · signi ·· þr · sira · pro^fast^r · oddr · kom · til · min · o^k · mærkti · ek · yþr · seks · la^upa §B salls · sua · at · firi · uinnr · um · t^uau · (p)u(n)d · (o)^(k) · (a) · þorer · sa^ltet · o^f ha^rþr · engi · ua^r · sa^lt·punda^ren · hæima §C · o^k · lita · matt · þu · þessa^ri · lykt · at · m(i)nn(i) · (u)(i)(t)end · en þa^r · liggr · at þæi(r)(r)(a) · (s)(a)l(e)(t) · (o)(k) (·) (s)(k)(a)^(l) · (e)(k) · (þ)-- ---- §D sem fyrst · fæ · ek · pundara · o^k · þat · til · ia^rþtegna · at · ek · ga^f ··· þriu · skinn · a^f · bo^kfælli · o^k riþ · til · min · huæso þer …
§A Guð signi yðr, sira prófastr. Oddr kom til mín, ok merkti ek yðr sex laupa §B salts, svá at fyrir vinnr um tvau pund. Ok á Þorir saltit of harðr. Engi var saltpundarin heima. §C Ok hlíta mátt þú þessari lykt at minni vitend. En þar liggr at þeira salit, ok skal ek þ[at senda] §D sem fyrst fæ ek pundara. Ok þat til jartegna at ek gaf [yðr] þrjú skinn af bókfelli. Ok rít til mín hversu þér …
”Gud signe Dem, sira prost. Odd kom til meg, og jeg merket for Dem seks laup salt, slik at det rekker ut over to pund; og Tore Ovhard eier saltet. Det var ingen saltvekt hjemme (hos meg). Og du kan stole på denne betalingen ved mitt vitende. Men betalingen ligger der hos dem, og jeg skal (sende det?) så snart jeg får en vekt. og det (skal være) til tegn (dvs. pant, garanti?) at jeg gav Dem tre skinn av pergament. Og skriv til meg hvordan De …”
§A --riþ : a mik §B (m)
§A …rið á mik §B …
”§A …-rið owns me §B …”
þo(r)ib(a)-
…
”…”
§A rannuæih ⁓ rauþu (s)(k)a--(u) : st^erþ §B þat : se : mæira : in : man^ns:-æþr ⁓ ok : min^na : en §C hæstræþr §D a
§A Rannveig Rauðu ska[lt]u streða/serða. §B Þat sé meira enn manns[r]eðr ok minna enn §C hestreðr. §D …
”§A You will fuck Rannveig the red. §B It will be bigger than a mans prick and smaller than a horses prick.”
asgri¶mr a
Ásgrímr á.
”Ásgrímr owns.”
þ þþ---
… …
”…”
i(u)m
…
”…”
s(n)ry(n)(n)(i)(i)(s)
…
”…”
ro(i)
…
”…”
-nfiþr a
[A]rnfinnr á.
”Arnfinnr owns.”
siguþrr
Sigurðr
”Sigurðr”
þos
…
”…”
(f) (i)r
… …
”…”
ikii(i)-------
…
”…”
§A a^n ek sua ⁓ kono mans at mer ⁓ þyki kaltr æltr ⁓ en ek em uinr ⁓ ui`f´s þæsu^a §B asa §C {PPS} §D ir
§A Ann ek svá konu manns, at mér þykkir kaldr eldr. En ek em vinr vífs þessa. §B Ása. §C {PPS} §D …
”§A Jeg elsker så en (annen) manns kvinne/kone, at ilden tykkes meg kald. Og jeg er en venn av denne kvinnen. … §B [Norska] Åse. (P- P-son).”
”§A Jeg elsker så en (annen) manns kvinne/kone, at ilden tykkes meg kald. Og jeg er en venn av denne kvinnen. … §B Åse. (P- P-son).”
-u(þ)s · ui(l)(a)k · m(æ^r)k · ami(n)ium
… … … …
”…”
§A fai fao fau iksi krusim §B tomini ' aea akl(a)
§A Fai, fao, fau. Ecce crucem §B Domini! Aea, Agla.
”§A Fai, fao, fau. Behold, the cross §B of the Lord! Aea, Agla.”
§A (f)(a)(f)(o)-o-o--o--a---þ-- §B fufafefifoþoþaþiþu §C fund ⁓ pund ⁓ rund ⁓ gund ⁓ lund ⁓ hind ¶ sund ⁓ þond
§A … §B … §C fund, pund, rund, gund, lund, hind, sund, þond
”§A … §B … §C fund, pund, rund, gund, lund, hind, sund, …”
-(k) b-gn^nn^n
… …
”…”
si-(g)i a
Siggi á.
”Siggi owns.”
ha^luarþ(r)r : a mik
Hallvarðr á mik.
”Hallvarðr owns me.”
§A kuþion §B pan
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
r : (i)-imrsoræar : lit
… … …
”…”
-mbbm?
…
”…”
arne
Árni
”Árni”
§A fuþ (s)fb(s)(y)l(u)miþ §B mi(k)(s)---a-ki
§A <fuþ[ork]> … §B …
”§A <fuþork> … §B …”
§A … §B …
§A … §B …
”§A … §B …”
aspiørg ⁓ hit pæsta parn ⁓ ¶ -urat^a(r)…ranæ
Ásbjǫrg hit bezta barn. …
”Ásbjǫrg the best child. …”
fuþork ænmb--…
<fuþork> …
”<fuþork> …”
§A (a)bra(b)-(l)raba §B ---- (b)-r--ra-
§A abrab[a]lraba §B … b[a]r[kal]ra[r](?)
”§A abrabalraba §B … barkalrar(?)”
a^u^þ/a^{P}/a^þ
…
”…”
§A þor §B me^lt^n^n/me^lt^o
§A Þórr/Þor… §B …
”§A Þórr/Þor-… §B …”
si um baþ i(k)
Sé(?) um(?) bað(?) ek(?).
”Look after, I begged/prayed ?”
sium baþ i(k)
Séum(?) bað(?) ek(?).
”Let us see, I begged/prayed ?”
+ (i)umbaþik
…
”…”
⁓ umbaþik
…
”…”
maen ?
… …
”…”
a(h)l--i-þizaieiu-diuhliaflha-(a)hdtiai--ielifia^nit
…
”…”
þiz aie i(r)(i)(o)d i uhliafl h(a^h^a) (l)(i)d tiade eli (a)i(g)a i tah(e)
Þiz æje, i-rioð, i yhli-afl haha! Lið tiaðe elli aiga i tahe.
”The slave-woman, rosy-cheeked, full of yule-power (=intoxicated), may lead the horse to the pasture! It became apparent that the old one had a retinue in the tún (=his own homestead).”
alu
alu
”ale”
?{COT} ⁓ {SSIS}ïï{S}d ⁓ {III}---{SC}i?
… … …
”…”
ano an^a
Anno, Anna
”Anno, Anna”
nl ¶ aelwao
… …
”…”
tg
…
”…”
d ¶ … ¶ lliii
… … …
”…”
u^duuz/h^duuzi
…/…
”…/…”
tau liiu
… …
”…”
n-l-
…
”…”
þiz(i) d(a)(þ)--…
þizi …
”this …”
e^k^ ^e^rila^z
Ek erilaz.
”I the eril.”
iaz ' ᴀᴀ| ' ||' |ᴀrb'e ¶ wh'w^ ^wid ult(i) ¶ wk ' hu ¶ ᴀl'klz
Iaz aa arbe uhu, wið Hylti uk hy all-kælz.
”Great-grandmother assigns inheritance to the young (woman), very tender towards the owner of the farm Holtaʀ and (her) household.”
ek wiz wiwio writu i runoz^ ^asni
Ek Wiz Wiwjo writu i runoz æsni.
”I, Wiz, for Wiwja ingraved the runes.”
uh(a^ ^a)ure^ ^ab uk^uinu aik^ud^ ^þinu ui ⁓ ¶ uea^ ^a(l)u þak^ ^uiu hnf þit i au^ke^ ^k^unu ui ⁓
Uha, aure ab ykwinu, ai-kund þinu wi: wea alu þa-k wiu hnuf, þi-t i auke kunnu wi!
”Young woman, departed from earth, ever-born in your sanctuary (= eternally reincarnated in your holy abode in the other world). I receive/have recieved the holy ale and sanctify the horn so that (ale) will there (in the horn) increase in the fanous sanctuary (= holy abode in the other world).”
raunija(z)
Raunijaz
”Raunijaz (= Tester)”
lina lauka^z f
lina laukaz <f>
”linen (and) leek, property”
d-[-]fioþi l l l l l l l l l l
… <l l l l l l l l l l>
”… linen (and) leek, linen (and) leek, linen (and) leek, linen (and) leek, linen (and) leek”
ek ad-…
Ek Anda-…
”I Anda-…”
hᴀl mᴀz ¶ mᴀ unᴀ ¶ ᴀlu na ᴀlu nanᴀ
Hǫll mær ma una, ǫllu naa, ǫllu nenna.
”Leaning maiden may repose, attain everything, be pleased with everything.”
wada
wanda
”[protection against] want, need, difficulty”
(k)a[-]a alu
Ka[l]a, alu.
”Kala, ale.”
aluko
Aluko
”Aluko”
tor¶wite
Toðrwite
”Toðrwite (= the one who ensures the livelihood, growth, yield)”
wate h^ali hino horn^a ¶ h^ah^a skaþi h^aþu ligi
Wate halli hino horna. Haha skaþi, haþu ligi.
”May the horn wet this stone. May it harm the hey/gras, but lie (peacefully) in a fight.”
e^ ^a
E[hwaz], a[nsuz].
”Horse, god.”
ea
…
”…”
ek aljamark(i)z ¶ baij-z
Ek aljamarkiz/Aljamarkiz. Baij[o]z(?).
”I, the foreigner/Aljamarkiz. Warriors(?).”
ek hagustald(a)z þewaz godagas ¶ (e)- -----z
Ek hagustaldaz/Hagustaldaz þewaz Godagas, e[k](?) [erila]z(?).
”I, Hagustaldaz/young warrior, the retainer of Godagaz, I the eril.”
[uulf¶þalfï]
…
”…”
--hiþ ¶ run------r-d
… …
”…”
eaïu
…
”…”
[e^k irilaz wiwila ⁓]
Ek erilaz Wiwila.
”I, the eril Wiwila.”
alu
alu
”ale”
hiwigaz ¶ saralu ¶ ek winaz …
Hiwigaz, Saralu(?). Ek winnaz …
”Hiwigaz (and) Saralu (are buried here) I, the workman, …”
… flagdafaikinaz ist ¶ … magoz minas staina ¶ … …daz faihido
… flagda-faikinaz ist … magoz minas staina … …daz faihido
”[This place] is menaced by fiends. [I, N.N., set] my son's stone. [I], …daz, coloured [the runes].”
-eþrodwe^ngk
…
”…”
… …daga-(t)(i)z runo faihido
[Ek Go]daga[s]tiz runo faihido.
”I, Godagastiz, coloured the rune.”
ek þirbij(a)z r(u)… …
Ek Þirbijaz ru[no]/ru[noz] …
”I, Þirbijaz the rune(s) …”
ek gudija ungandiz i h…
Ek gudija ungandiz/Ungandiz i H[ugulu.]
”I, the priest who is immune to magic/Ungandiz, in Huglo.”
rhoᴀl(t)z f(a)(i)-- …
Hroaldz fai[do]/fai[da] …
”Hroaldz, (I) painted …”
ek wagigaz irilaz agilamudon
Ek Wagigaz erilaz Agilamundon.
”I, Wagigaz the eril, (son of) Agilamundo.”
e^k irilaz hrozaz h^rozez o(r)te þat azina ut alai(f^u) dz ¶ rmþï
Ek erilaz Hrozaz hrozez orte þat azina ut Alaifu(?) … …
”I the eril Hrozaz, (son of) Hrozaz worked up this stone för Ailifo …”
§A ek wiwaz after · woduri¶de witad^ah^alaiban : worahto : (r)… §B --z woduride : staina · ¶ þ(r)ijoz dohtriz d^alidun ¶ arbija| |a(r)jostez arbijano
§A Ek Wiwaz after Woduride witandahlaiban worhto r[unoz]. §B [Me]z(?) Woduride staina þrijoz dohtriz dalidun(?) arbija arjostez(?) arbijano.
”§A I, Wiwaz, made the runes after Woduridaz, my lord.”
§B …z woduride : staina · ¶ þrijoz dohtriz d^alidun ¶ arbija sijostez arbijano
§B <…z> Woduride staina [satide]. Þrijoz dohtriz dailidun(?) arbija, sijostez(?) arbijano.
”§A For me, Woduridaz, three daughters, the most distinguished of the heirs, prepared the stone. §B <…z> (= Wiwaz)(?) (erected) the stone for Woduridaz. Three daughters shared the inheritance, the closest family heirs.”
iuþingaz ¶ (e)k wakraz : unnam ¶ wraita
Iuþingaz. Ek Wakraz un-nam wraita.
”Iuþingaz (rests here). I, Wakraz, understand how to write.”
hadu(l)aikaz ¶ ek hagustadaz ¶ h^(l)aaiwido magu minino
Hadulaikaz. Ek Hagusta(l)daz hlaiwido magu minino.
”Handulaikaz (lies here). I, Hagustaldaz, buried my son.”
birgŋgu (b)(o)r(o) swestar minu ¶ liubu mez wage
Birgingu. Boro swestar minu liubu mez Wage.
”Funeral. Boro, my sister, dear to me, Wagaz.”
asugas(d)i(z) -lai-- : aih-- so--(a)- -i -oru(m)(a)--ib-
Ansugastiz [h]lai[wa]. Aih[-ek] so[m]a[n] [b]i [W]orma[la]ib[a].
”Ansugastiz the bowlegged. I have a right to compensation from Wormalaibaz.”
hnab^(u)das hlaiwa
Hnabudas hlaiwa.
”Hnabudaz' grave.”
…an ¶ waruz
…an waruz.
”…'s stone circle.”
igijon halaz
Ingijon hallaz.
”Ingijo's rock.”
[wajaradas]
Wajaradas.
”Wajaradaz' (monument).”
keþan
Keþan.
”Keþa's (monument).”
…-iz haiwidaz þar
… hlaiwidaz þar.
”… buried here.”
laiþigaz
Laiþigaz
”Laiþigaz”
mairlŋu
Marilingu
”Marilingu”
widugastiz
Widugastiz
”Widugastiz”
ladawarijaz
Landawarijaz
”Landawarijaz”
harazaz
Hrazaz
”Hrazaz”
[þaliz]
Þaliz
”Þaliz”
tᴀitz
Taitz
”Taitz”
§A (m)in wᴀrb nᴀseu wilʀ mᴀde þᴀim kᴀibᴀ i bormoþᴀ huni huwᴀʀ ob kam hᴀr(i)(e) a hi(t) lat gotnᴀ fiskʀ oʀ (f)(i)(r)(n)ᴀuim su(w)(i)made fok(i) af -a----gᴀ land(e) §B ᴀ-- is (u)(r)(k)(i) §C ni s solu sot ukni sᴀkse stᴀin skorin ni ---- maʀ nᴀkdan is n(ᴀ) wrinʀ ni wiltiʀ manʀ l(a)gi-
§A Mín varp násjó wild, máðe þeim keipa í bormóþa húni. Hverr of kom her á hitt land? Gotna fiskr ór firney-ím, swimande foki af [f]á[nvan]ga lande. §B a[uð] is yrki! §C Ne's sólu sótt, ok ne sakse, stein skorinn. Ni [witi] manʀ, nǫkðan is na wrinʀ, ni wiltiʀ mænnʀ lægi[s]!
”§A The corpse-wave threw itself over my beloved ones, the tholes broke for them in the drill-tired mast-top. Who brought the host over to the other country? The man-fish from the current at Firney swam in the spray from the land with the shining fields, §B he who wrought riches and happiness! §C Not in the sun, and not with sword, may one come to the chiselled stone; not may the man who cries over a naked corpse, (nor) not mentally disturbed men, come to (this) site.”
kelbaþewas : s^(t)ainaz : aaasrpkf ¶ aarpaa : inana na(b)oz ¶ ek naudigastiz ¶ ek erafaz
Kelbaþewas stainaz <aaasrpkf> <aarpaa> inana naboz. Ek Naudigastiz, ek Erfaz.
”Kelbaþewaʀ's (memorial) stone – <aaasrpk|aarpaa> – within the (wheel) hub/(log cabin) corner/???. I Naudigastiz, I Erfaz.”